二甲戊灵对土壤微生物和土壤酶活性的影响及其降解行为的研究
发布时间：2018-10-17 14:51
【摘要】：二甲戊灵是一种选择性芽前、芽后旱田土壤处理除草剂,广泛应用于棉花、烟草、蔬菜等多种作物田除草。本文建立了二甲戊灵对土壤环境的影响的研究方法,初步研究了室内条件下二甲戊灵对土壤酶活性的影响;进一步分析了在不同时间、不同土壤深度、不同浓度二甲戊灵对五种土壤酶(脲酶、脱氢酶、过氧化氢酶、碱性磷酸酶、蔗糖酶)活性的影响;探讨了二甲戊灵对新疆棉田微生物种类、数量、群落变化的影响;同时研究了二甲戊灵施用浓度与土层深度和施药天数对残留的影响。取得了以下研究结果:1)室内试验研究结果表明:培养期间(0-60天)高浓度二甲戊灵(2000 g a.i./hm2)对脲酶表现为激活作用,低浓度二甲戊灵(400、800、1200 g a.i./hm2)对脲酶表现为抑制作用,并且随着浓度的降低,抑制作用逐渐增强;对碱性磷酸酶活性的影响没有规律性;对脱氢酶活性与蔗糖酶活性的影响都表现为激活作用,且浓度越高激活作用越强。2)大田试验微生物数量研究结果表明:二甲戊灵对土壤细菌和真菌主要是抑制作用,且浓度越高,抑制作用越强,试验后期(60-90天),抑制率逐渐变小,细菌数量恢复至平衡状态。低浓度二甲戊灵对细菌有激活作用,高浓度则表现出轻微的抑制作用。3)大田试验土壤酶活性研究结果表明:不同浓度二甲戊灵对蔗糖酶和脱氢酶有激活作用,这和室内结果一致;二甲戊灵对碱性磷酸酶活性总体是抑制作用,对过氧化氢酶活性有轻微激活作用。长期施用二甲戊灵会引起土壤营养不均衡。4)大田试验中二甲戊灵残留动态分析表明:在0.05-5mg/kg添加水平下,二甲戊灵添加回收率为92.97-94.33%,相对偏差(RSD)为3.79-4.57,检出限(LOD)为0.005mg/kg,定量限(LQD)为0.05mg/kg。二甲戊灵在土壤中的残留量随着浓度的增大而增大,其在棉田的耗散遵循一级动力学方程,半衰期为7.8-15.1天,半衰期与土层深度有关。总体上,室内研究结果表明,二甲戊灵浓度为800-1200g a.i./hm2时,对土壤影响较小;大田试验研究表明,二甲戊灵对微生物主要是抑制作用,与浓度呈正比与土层深度呈反比,长期施用二甲戊灵会引起土壤微生物的失衡;二甲戊灵对土壤酶活性的影响不尽相同,容易造成土壤营养的不均衡;残留动态研究表明二甲戊灵在棉田的残留时间较短,是相对比较安全的除草剂,但不宜长期施用。
[Abstract]:Penicillin is a selective herbicide for soil treatment in dry fields before and after bud, which is widely used in cotton, tobacco, vegetables and other crop fields. In this paper, we established a method to study the effect of penicillin on soil environment, preliminarily studied the effect of dimethylpentalin on soil enzyme activity under indoor conditions, and further analyzed the effects of dimethylpentalin on soil enzyme activity at different time and different soil depth. The effects of different concentrations of dimethylpentalin on the activities of five soil enzymes (urease, dehydrogenase, catalase, alkaline phosphatase, sucrase) were studied. At the same time, the effects of application concentration, depth of soil layer and days of application on residue were studied. The results were as follows: 1) the results of laboratory experiments showed that high concentration of dimethylpentyl (2000 g a.i./hm2) could activate urease during the incubation period (0-60 days), and low concentration (400,800g a.i./hm2) showed inhibitory effect on urease. With the decrease of the concentration, the inhibitory effect was gradually enhanced, the effect on alkaline phosphatase activity was not regular, and the effects on dehydrogenase activity and sucrase activity showed activation. And the higher the concentration, the stronger the activation. 2) the results of field experiment showed that the inhibitory effect of penicillin on soil bacteria and fungi was mainly inhibitory, and the higher the concentration was, the stronger the inhibitory effect was, and the inhibition rate decreased gradually in the later period of experiment (60-90 days). The number of bacteria returned to equilibrium. Low concentration of dimethopentalin activated bacteria, while high concentration showed slight inhibition. 3) the results of soil enzyme activity in field experiments showed that different concentrations of penicillin could activate sucrase and dehydrogenase. The results were consistent with the results in the laboratory. The activity of alkaline phosphatase was inhibited and the activity of catalase was slightly activated. Long-term application of dimethopentalin could cause soil nutrient imbalance. 4) dynamic analysis of residual residues of dimethyl pentyl in field experiments showed that the recovery rate of penicillin was 92.97-94.33 under 0.05-5mg/kg addition level, the relative deviation (RSD) was 3.79-4.57, the detection limit (LOD) was 0.005 mg / kg / kg, and the quantitative limit (LQD) was 0.05 mg / kg / kg. The results showed that the relative deviation was 3.79-4.57, the detection limit (LOD) was 0.005 mg / kg / kg, and the quantitative limit (LQD) was 0.05 mg / kg. The residual amount of penicillin in soil increased with the increase of concentration, and its dissipation in cotton field followed the first-order kinetic equation. The half-life was 7.8-15.1 days, and the half-life was related to the depth of soil layer. On the whole, the results of laboratory study showed that the concentration of dimethylpentalin was 800-1200 g a.i./hm2, the effect on soil was small, the field experiment showed that the inhibitory effect of dimethylpentalin on microorganism was main, and the concentration was inversely proportional to the depth of soil layer. Long-term application of penicillin can cause the imbalance of soil microorganism, the effect of dimethopentalin on soil enzyme activity is different, and it is easy to cause the soil nutrition imbalance, and the residue dynamics study shows that the residual time of penicillin in cotton field is shorter, and the effect of dimethopentyl on soil enzyme activity is not the same. It is a relatively safe herbicide, but it is not suitable for long-term application.
【学位授予单位】：石河子大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S482.4;S154
本文编号：2277028
[Abstract]:Penicillin is a selective herbicide for soil treatment in dry fields before and after bud, which is widely used in cotton, tobacco, vegetables and other crop fields. In this paper, we established a method to study the effect of penicillin on soil environment, preliminarily studied the effect of dimethylpentalin on soil enzyme activity under indoor conditions, and further analyzed the effects of dimethylpentalin on soil enzyme activity at different time and different soil depth. The effects of different concentrations of dimethylpentalin on the activities of five soil enzymes (urease, dehydrogenase, catalase, alkaline phosphatase, sucrase) were studied. At the same time, the effects of application concentration, depth of soil layer and days of application on residue were studied. The results were as follows: 1) the results of laboratory experiments showed that high concentration of dimethylpentyl (2000 g a.i./hm2) could activate urease during the incubation period (0-60 days), and low concentration (400,800g a.i./hm2) showed inhibitory effect on urease. With the decrease of the concentration, the inhibitory effect was gradually enhanced, the effect on alkaline phosphatase activity was not regular, and the effects on dehydrogenase activity and sucrase activity showed activation. And the higher the concentration, the stronger the activation. 2) the results of field experiment showed that the inhibitory effect of penicillin on soil bacteria and fungi was mainly inhibitory, and the higher the concentration was, the stronger the inhibitory effect was, and the inhibition rate decreased gradually in the later period of experiment (60-90 days). The number of bacteria returned to equilibrium. Low concentration of dimethopentalin activated bacteria, while high concentration showed slight inhibition. 3) the results of soil enzyme activity in field experiments showed that different concentrations of penicillin could activate sucrase and dehydrogenase. The results were consistent with the results in the laboratory. The activity of alkaline phosphatase was inhibited and the activity of catalase was slightly activated. Long-term application of dimethopentalin could cause soil nutrient imbalance. 4) dynamic analysis of residual residues of dimethyl pentyl in field experiments showed that the recovery rate of penicillin was 92.97-94.33 under 0.05-5mg/kg addition level, the relative deviation (RSD) was 3.79-4.57, the detection limit (LOD) was 0.005 mg / kg / kg, and the quantitative limit (LQD) was 0.05 mg / kg / kg. The results showed that the relative deviation was 3.79-4.57, the detection limit (LOD) was 0.005 mg / kg / kg, and the quantitative limit (LQD) was 0.05 mg / kg. The residual amount of penicillin in soil increased with the increase of concentration, and its dissipation in cotton field followed the first-order kinetic equation. The half-life was 7.8-15.1 days, and the half-life was related to the depth of soil layer. On the whole, the results of laboratory study showed that the concentration of dimethylpentalin was 800-1200 g a.i./hm2, the effect on soil was small, the field experiment showed that the inhibitory effect of dimethylpentalin on microorganism was main, and the concentration was inversely proportional to the depth of soil layer. Long-term application of penicillin can cause the imbalance of soil microorganism, the effect of dimethopentalin on soil enzyme activity is different, and it is easy to cause the soil nutrition imbalance, and the residue dynamics study shows that the residual time of penicillin in cotton field is shorter, and the effect of dimethopentyl on soil enzyme activity is not the same. It is a relatively safe herbicide, but it is not suitable for long-term application.
【学位授予单位】：石河子大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S482.4;S154
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前10条
1 姜虎生;王宏燕;;除草剂对土壤脱氢酶活性及呼吸强度的影响[J];吉林农业科学;2011年05期
2 姜虎生;王宏燕;;不同农药对土壤脱氢酶活性的影响[J];辽宁农业科学;2011年03期
3 王正贵;封超年;郭文善;夏玉荣;朱新开;李春燕;彭永欣;;除草剂苯磺隆对麦田土壤酶活性的影响[J];麦类作物学报;2010年02期
4 黄雅丽,毛黎娟,吴慧明,朱国念;二甲戊乐灵在甘蓝及土壤中的残留及消解动态研究[J];农业环境科学学报;2004年06期
5 滕春红;陶波;;除草剂氯嘧磺隆对土壤酶活性的影响[J];农业环境科学学报;2006年05期
6 呼蕾;和文祥;王旭东;郑粉莉;;草甘膦的土壤酶效应研究[J];农业环境科学学报;2009年04期
7 卢信,赵炳梓,张佳宝,邓建才,李立平,信秀丽;除草剂草甘膦的性质及环境行为综述[J];土壤通报;2005年05期
8 荆瑞勇;王丽艳;谭焕波;穆贵强;;乙草胺对土壤微生物数量及土壤呼吸的影响[J];土壤通报;2011年02期
9 杨永华,姚健,华晓梅;农药污染对土壤微生物群落功能多样性的影响[J];微生物学杂志;2000年02期
10 肖丽;冯燕燕;赵靓;周川;冶军;危常州;侯振安;;多菌灵对灰漠土土壤微生物的影响[J];新疆农业科学;2012年04期
，本文编号：2277028
本文链接：https://www.wllwen.com/kejilunwen/nykj/2277028.html
