不同耕作措施对陇中黄土高原土壤微生物功能多样性的影响
发布时间：2018-10-18 17:03
【摘要】：为探讨不同耕作措施对陇中黄土高原地区春小麦及豌豆土壤微生物群落功能多样性的影响,应用Biolog技术,借助甘肃农业大学2001年建立的长期定位试验,分别研究了传统耕作、免耕、免耕秸秆覆盖和传统耕作秸秆还田四种耕作方式对春小麦及豌豆在播前和收后且不同土层(0~5cm、5~10cm、10~30cm)土壤微生物功能多样性的影响,以期为建立合理的耕作方式,提高生产力并减少水土流失等促进农业生态系统良性发展提供科学依据。并得到以下主要研究结论:(1)免耕秸秆覆盖(NTS)处理对于豌豆及春小麦土壤微生物的整体活性(AWCD)具有显著地提高效果。土壤微生物的整体活性随着培养时间的不断增加,碳源逐渐被不同程度的利用,土壤微生物利用碳源的能力逐渐增大,培养曲线呈“S”型增长。在作物播前和收后,豌豆土壤微生物AWCD值在各处理下的变化趋势表现为NTS(免耕秸秆覆盖)NT(免耕)TS(传统耕作秸秆还田)T(传统耕作);春小麦土壤微生物AWCD值在各处理下的变化趋势呈现NTS(免耕秸秆覆盖)NT(免耕)TS(传统耕作秸秆还田)T(传统耕作)。(2)免耕秸秆覆盖(NTS)及免耕(NT)措施能够显著提高春小麦播前和收后土壤微生物群落多样性指数、均一度指数及丰富度指数;免耕(NT)及传统耕作秸秆还田(TS)措施对豌豆播前及收后土壤微生物群落的均一度指数和丰富度指数具有显著的提高效果。(3)播前及收后土壤微生物群落的整体活性(AWCD)在不同的土层中,春小麦表现为5~10cm0~5cm10~30cm;豌豆表现为0~5cm5~10cm10~30cm。(4)播前及收后土壤微生物群落多样性指数、均一度指数及丰富度指数在不同的土层中,春小麦表现为5~10cm0~5cm10~30cm;豌豆表现为0~5cm5~10cm10~30cm。(5)春小麦和豌豆播前和收后土壤微生物对单一碳源的利用在不同的处理下表现出明显的差异性,免耕措施及秸秆措施是主要的影响因素。(6)豌豆播前土壤微生物群落利用的主要碳源为羧酸类、氨基酸类碳源;豌豆收后土壤微生物群落利用的主要碳源为羧酸类、氨基酸类及糖类碳源。糖类碳源是区分秸秆处理(NTS、TS)和无秸秆处理(T、NT)的主要碳源;氨基酸类及羧酸类碳源是区分耕作处理(T、TS)和免耕处理(NT、NTS)的主要碳源。(7)春小麦播前土壤微生物群落利用的主要碳源为糖类、氨基酸类及羧酸类碳源;春小麦收后土壤微生物群落利用的主要碳源为糖类、氨基酸类及胺类碳源。糖类碳源是区分耕作处理(T、TS)和免耕处理(NT、NTS)的主要碳源;氨基酸类碳源是区分秸秆处理(NTS、TS)和无秸秆处理(T、NT)的主要碳源。
[Abstract]:In order to study the effects of different tillage measures on the functional diversity of soil microbial communities of spring wheat and pea in Longzhong Loess Plateau, traditional tillage was studied by using Biolog technique and the long-term positioning experiment established by Gansu Agricultural University in 2001. Effects of no-tillage, no-tillage straw mulch and traditional tillage straw returning on the microbial functional diversity of spring wheat and pea in different soil layers (0 ~ 5 cm ~ (5 cm) ~ 5 ~ 10 cm ~ (-1) ~ (10) cm ~ (-1) ~ 1030 cm) were studied in order to establish a reasonable tillage method. To improve productivity and reduce soil erosion to promote the sound development of agricultural ecosystems provides scientific basis. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) (NTS) treatment with no-tillage straw mulch can significantly improve the overall activity of (AWCD) in pea and spring wheat soil. With the increasing of culture time, the whole activity of soil microorganism was gradually utilized, and the ability of soil microorganism to utilize carbon source increased gradually, and the culture curve increased in "S" type. Before and after the crop is sown, The variation trend of soil microbial AWCD value of pea under each treatment was NTS (no-tillage straw mulching) NT (no-tillage) TS (traditional tillage straw returning to) T (traditional tillage) and spring wheat soil microbial AWCD value under each treatment showed NTS ( No tillage straw mulching) NT (no tillage) TS (returning straw to field) T (traditional tillage). (2) No tillage straw mulching (NTS) and no tillage (NT) could significantly improve soil microbial community diversity index before and after spring wheat sowing. Evenness index and richness index; The measures of no-tillage (NT) and traditional tillage straw returning (TS) could significantly improve the evenness index and richness index of soil microbial community before and after sowing. (3) the whole active (AWCD) of soil microbial community before and after sowing. In different soil layers, The results showed that the soil microbial community diversity index, evenness index and richness index of soil microbial community in spring wheat and pea were 5 cm, 10 cm, 30 cm and 30 cm, respectively. (4) the diversity index, evenness index and richness index of soil microbial community were found in different soil layers before and after sowing. The performance of spring wheat and pea were 510cm / 10cm / 5cm ~ (10) and 30cm respectively. (5) the utilization of single carbon source by soil microorganism of spring wheat and pea was obviously different under different treatments, and that of pea and spring wheat was 5cm ~ (10) ~ (10) cm ~ (10) ~ (10) 路cm ~ (-1) ~ (-1) ~ (-1) ~ (-1) ~ 30 cm ~ (-1). Non-tillage measures and straw measures were the main influencing factors. (6) the main carbon sources of soil microbial community utilization before pea sowing were carboxylic acids and amino acid carbon sources, and the main carbon sources of soil microbial community utilization after pea harvest were carboxylic acids. Amino acids and carbohydrates. Carbohydrate carbon is the main carbon source to distinguish straw treatment (NTS,TS) and straw free treatment (Tnt). Amino acids and carboxylic acid carbon sources were the main carbon sources to distinguish tillage treatment (Thunts) and no-tillage treatment (NT,NTS). (7) the main carbon sources of soil microbial community utilization before sowing of spring wheat were carboxylic acid carbon sources, amino acids and carboxylic acid carbon sources. The main carbon sources of soil microbial community utilization after spring wheat harvest were carbohydrate, amino acid and amines. Carbohydrate carbon source was the main carbon source of tillage treatment and no-tillage treatment (NT,NTS), and amino acid carbon source was the main carbon source to distinguish straw treatment (NTS,TS) and straw free treatment (Tnt).
【学位授予单位】：甘肃农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S154.3
[Abstract]:In order to study the effects of different tillage measures on the functional diversity of soil microbial communities of spring wheat and pea in Longzhong Loess Plateau, traditional tillage was studied by using Biolog technique and the long-term positioning experiment established by Gansu Agricultural University in 2001. Effects of no-tillage, no-tillage straw mulch and traditional tillage straw returning on the microbial functional diversity of spring wheat and pea in different soil layers (0 ~ 5 cm ~ (5 cm) ~ 5 ~ 10 cm ~ (-1) ~ (10) cm ~ (-1) ~ 1030 cm) were studied in order to establish a reasonable tillage method. To improve productivity and reduce soil erosion to promote the sound development of agricultural ecosystems provides scientific basis. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) (NTS) treatment with no-tillage straw mulch can significantly improve the overall activity of (AWCD) in pea and spring wheat soil. With the increasing of culture time, the whole activity of soil microorganism was gradually utilized, and the ability of soil microorganism to utilize carbon source increased gradually, and the culture curve increased in "S" type. Before and after the crop is sown, The variation trend of soil microbial AWCD value of pea under each treatment was NTS (no-tillage straw mulching) NT (no-tillage) TS (traditional tillage straw returning to) T (traditional tillage) and spring wheat soil microbial AWCD value under each treatment showed NTS ( No tillage straw mulching) NT (no tillage) TS (returning straw to field) T (traditional tillage). (2) No tillage straw mulching (NTS) and no tillage (NT) could significantly improve soil microbial community diversity index before and after spring wheat sowing. Evenness index and richness index; The measures of no-tillage (NT) and traditional tillage straw returning (TS) could significantly improve the evenness index and richness index of soil microbial community before and after sowing. (3) the whole active (AWCD) of soil microbial community before and after sowing. In different soil layers, The results showed that the soil microbial community diversity index, evenness index and richness index of soil microbial community in spring wheat and pea were 5 cm, 10 cm, 30 cm and 30 cm, respectively. (4) the diversity index, evenness index and richness index of soil microbial community were found in different soil layers before and after sowing. The performance of spring wheat and pea were 510cm / 10cm / 5cm ~ (10) and 30cm respectively. (5) the utilization of single carbon source by soil microorganism of spring wheat and pea was obviously different under different treatments, and that of pea and spring wheat was 5cm ~ (10) ~ (10) cm ~ (10) ~ (10) 路cm ~ (-1) ~ (-1) ~ (-1) ~ (-1) ~ 30 cm ~ (-1). Non-tillage measures and straw measures were the main influencing factors. (6) the main carbon sources of soil microbial community utilization before pea sowing were carboxylic acids and amino acid carbon sources, and the main carbon sources of soil microbial community utilization after pea harvest were carboxylic acids. Amino acids and carbohydrates. Carbohydrate carbon is the main carbon source to distinguish straw treatment (NTS,TS) and straw free treatment (Tnt). Amino acids and carboxylic acid carbon sources were the main carbon sources to distinguish tillage treatment (Thunts) and no-tillage treatment (NT,NTS). (7) the main carbon sources of soil microbial community utilization before sowing of spring wheat were carboxylic acid carbon sources, amino acids and carboxylic acid carbon sources. The main carbon sources of soil microbial community utilization after spring wheat harvest were carbohydrate, amino acid and amines. Carbohydrate carbon source was the main carbon source of tillage treatment and no-tillage treatment (NT,NTS), and amino acid carbon source was the main carbon source to distinguish straw treatment (NTS,TS) and straw free treatment (Tnt).
【学位授予单位】：甘肃农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S154.3
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