不同作物秸秆对连作番茄幼苗及土壤微生物的影响
发布时间：2018-10-19 14:29
【摘要】：番茄是世界性园艺作物,是设施园艺的主栽种类之一,随着番茄种植面积逐年扩大,连作栽培必不可少,因此连作障碍的问题便也随之而来。目前,解决番茄连作障碍,尤其是番茄连作导致的根结线虫病,严重制约了设施番茄产业的发展。由于连作引起的番茄根结线虫病可使番茄减产45%-55%,严重时甚至绝产。已有研究表明添加作物秸秆能够有效的降低根结线虫病害的发生,但目前研究添加秸秆对番茄植株生长及对根结线虫的影响研究并不多,目前利用根结线虫的拮抗真菌防治根结线虫也是一种防治手段,例如淡紫拟青霉作为防治根结线虫病的生防菌防效较好,但其在土壤中难以长时间定殖,前人研究阐述添加合欢花、万寿菊秸秆有利于淡紫拟青霉在土壤中的定殖。本文以番茄幼苗、番茄连作土为研究对象,采用盆栽试验的方式,研究外源添加6种不同作物秸秆(小麦、玉米、分蘖洋葱、大蒜、万寿菊、菊芋)对番茄连作土壤中番茄幼苗的生长及对土壤微生物的影响。试验采用常规方法研究了添加作物秸秆对番茄形态学指标、生理指标和发病率的影响;检测土壤中南方根结线虫的数量;应用稀释平板法测定不同处理植株根区淡紫拟青霉数量的变化;在实验室条件下,研究添加不同时期的秸秆土壤浸提液对淡紫拟青霉菌株生长的影响;采用高通量测序的方法研究添加不同作物秸秆对番茄连作土中土壤微生物群落组成及多样性的变化的影响。结果表明:1添加不同作物秸秆对番茄植株的生长影响不同,玉米、分蘖洋葱秸秆对番茄幼苗生长有促进作用;大蒜秸秆对番茄幼苗生长有抑制作用。2添加不同作物秸秆处理能够降低南方根结线虫的病情指数,其中大蒜秸秆、菊芋秸秆的防治效果最佳,防治率达76.32%。3添加不同作物秸秆能够降低番茄连作土壤中的南方根结线虫数量。4添加不同作物秸秆对淡紫拟青霉在番茄连作土壤中定殖具有促进作用。5添加不同作物秸秆后的土壤浸提液,在组培条件下,能提高淡紫拟青霉产孢量,显著增加淡紫拟青霉的生物量。6添加作物秸秆降低了番茄连作土中土壤真菌微生物的多样性,对于细菌的微生物多样性影响不大;添加作物秸秆改变了微生物的群落结构,PCA结果显示,添加作物秸秆处理与对照处理在群落组成上具有明显区分。7在属水平下,添加作物秸秆处理中与根系根结数呈显著正相关的真菌数量低于对照处理,呈显著负相关的真菌数量高于对照处理。
[Abstract]:Tomato is a worldwide horticultural crop, which is one of the main planting species in protected horticulture. With the increasing of tomato planting area, continuous cropping is indispensable, so the problem of continuous cropping obstacle also follows. At present, solving the obstacle of tomato continuous cropping, especially root knot nematode caused by continuous cropping of tomato, seriously restricted the development of tomato industry. Tomato root knot nematode caused by continuous cropping can reduce the yield of tomato 45-55 and even eliminate the yield. Previous studies have shown that crop straw can effectively reduce the occurrence of root knot nematode disease, but there are few studies on the effects of straw on tomato plant growth and root knot nematodes. At present, antagonistic fungi of root-knot nematodes are also used to control root-knot nematodes. For example, Penicillium lilacinus has a better biological and control effect on root-knot nematode, but it is difficult to colonize in soil for a long time. Previous studies have shown that adding Albizias and stalks of marigold is beneficial to the colonization of Paecilomyces lilacinus in soil. In this paper, tomato seedling and tomato continuous cropping soil were used as the research object, and the pot experiment was used to study the addition of 6 different crop stalks (wheat, corn, tiller onion, garlic, marigold). The effect of Jerusalem artichoke on the growth of tomato seedlings and soil microorganism in tomato continuous cropping. The effects of crop straw on the morphological index, physiological index and incidence of tomato were studied by conventional method, and the number of root-knot nematodes in soil was detected. The changes of the number of Penicillium lilacinus in the root zone of different treatments were determined by dilution plate method, and the effects of adding straw soil extract at different stages on the growth of Penicillium lilacinus were studied under laboratory conditions. The effects of different crop stalks on the composition and diversity of soil microbial community in tomato continuous cropping soil were studied by high-throughput sequencing. The results showed that: 1 different crop straw had different effects on the growth of tomato plants, maize and tiller onion stalks could promote the growth of tomato seedlings; The growth of tomato seedlings was inhibited by garlic straw. 2 the disease index of southern root knot nematode could be reduced by adding different crop straw, among which garlic straw and Jerusalem artichoke straw had the best control effect. The control rate of 76.32.3 and different crop straw could reduce the number of southern root knot nematodes in tomato continuous cropping soil. 4 addition of different crop straw could promote colonization of Paecilomyces lilacinus in tomato continuous cropping soil. Soil extract after straw, Under the condition of tissue culture, the spore production of Penicillium lilacinus was increased, and the biomass of Penicillium lilacinus was significantly increased. 6 the addition of crop straw decreased the microbial diversity of soil fungi in tomato continuous cropping soil, but had little effect on the microbial diversity of bacteria. The community structure of microorganism was changed by adding crop straw. The results of PCA showed that the community composition of crop straw treatment and control treatment was obviously different from that of control treatment. The number of fungi with significant positive correlation with root nodule number was lower than that of control treatment, and the number of fungi with significant negative correlation was higher than that of control treatment.
【学位授予单位】：东北农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S641.2;S154.3
[Abstract]:Tomato is a worldwide horticultural crop, which is one of the main planting species in protected horticulture. With the increasing of tomato planting area, continuous cropping is indispensable, so the problem of continuous cropping obstacle also follows. At present, solving the obstacle of tomato continuous cropping, especially root knot nematode caused by continuous cropping of tomato, seriously restricted the development of tomato industry. Tomato root knot nematode caused by continuous cropping can reduce the yield of tomato 45-55 and even eliminate the yield. Previous studies have shown that crop straw can effectively reduce the occurrence of root knot nematode disease, but there are few studies on the effects of straw on tomato plant growth and root knot nematodes. At present, antagonistic fungi of root-knot nematodes are also used to control root-knot nematodes. For example, Penicillium lilacinus has a better biological and control effect on root-knot nematode, but it is difficult to colonize in soil for a long time. Previous studies have shown that adding Albizias and stalks of marigold is beneficial to the colonization of Paecilomyces lilacinus in soil. In this paper, tomato seedling and tomato continuous cropping soil were used as the research object, and the pot experiment was used to study the addition of 6 different crop stalks (wheat, corn, tiller onion, garlic, marigold). The effect of Jerusalem artichoke on the growth of tomato seedlings and soil microorganism in tomato continuous cropping. The effects of crop straw on the morphological index, physiological index and incidence of tomato were studied by conventional method, and the number of root-knot nematodes in soil was detected. The changes of the number of Penicillium lilacinus in the root zone of different treatments were determined by dilution plate method, and the effects of adding straw soil extract at different stages on the growth of Penicillium lilacinus were studied under laboratory conditions. The effects of different crop stalks on the composition and diversity of soil microbial community in tomato continuous cropping soil were studied by high-throughput sequencing. The results showed that: 1 different crop straw had different effects on the growth of tomato plants, maize and tiller onion stalks could promote the growth of tomato seedlings; The growth of tomato seedlings was inhibited by garlic straw. 2 the disease index of southern root knot nematode could be reduced by adding different crop straw, among which garlic straw and Jerusalem artichoke straw had the best control effect. The control rate of 76.32.3 and different crop straw could reduce the number of southern root knot nematodes in tomato continuous cropping soil. 4 addition of different crop straw could promote colonization of Paecilomyces lilacinus in tomato continuous cropping soil. Soil extract after straw, Under the condition of tissue culture, the spore production of Penicillium lilacinus was increased, and the biomass of Penicillium lilacinus was significantly increased. 6 the addition of crop straw decreased the microbial diversity of soil fungi in tomato continuous cropping soil, but had little effect on the microbial diversity of bacteria. The community structure of microorganism was changed by adding crop straw. The results of PCA showed that the community composition of crop straw treatment and control treatment was obviously different from that of control treatment. The number of fungi with significant positive correlation with root nodule number was lower than that of control treatment, and the number of fungi with significant negative correlation was higher than that of control treatment.
【学位授予单位】：东北农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S641.2;S154.3
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相关期刊论文 前10条
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