植物油基包膜控释尿素的制备及其控释性能的研究
发布时间：2018-10-20 17:01
【摘要】：本文利用环氧开环的方法将大豆油(SBO)和煎炸废弃油(WFO)改性为高羟值多元醇,该多元醇与异氰酸酯反应可生成生物基聚氨酯(PU),制得的生物基PU作为膜材对尿素颗粒进行包涂以制备环境友好型包膜控释尿素。为了进一步提高该控释尿素的养分控释性能,利用有机硅和环氧树脂(EP)分别对大豆油基聚氨酯(SOP U)和煎炸废弃油基聚氨酯(WFOPU)进行改性。此改性方法旨在利用羟基硅油对S OPU进行界面改性使膜壳表面排布一层疏水性的硅原子,从而提高膜壳表面的拒水、抗水性,以及WFOPU在固化成膜时与EP发生交联反应形成一种网络互穿结构,使膜壳结构更加致密。本文通过调节膜厚度和改性剂添加量制备了系列包膜控释尿素,并对其膜壳及其养分控释性能进行了一系列测试和表征。主要结果如下:1.利用环氧开环的方法可以成功将SBO和WFO制备为高羟值多元醇,其中当反应物料按油脂双键、H2O2、CH3COOH的摩尔比为1:2:1.5混合、在反应温度为65℃、转速为200rpm、反应时间为4~5h的条件下制备的环氧大豆油(ESO)和环氧煎炸废弃油(EWFO)环氧值最高,分别可达到6.1和4.8。2.通过傅里叶红外光谱和SEM测定可以看出本试验成功将有机硅嫁接到SOPU上,有机硅可以提高膜材的热稳定性、显著降低膜材的孔隙度和提高膜材的水接触角:用0、10、20和40%的HTMS改性SOPU的水接触角分别为64、90、104和112℃,而相应的孔隙度则分别为16.07、12.33、11.18和10.08%。在25±0.5℃环境中,通过检测静水中包膜控释尿素(PCU)的养分释放性能可看出有机硅可以显著提高其释放期。当膜材添加量由原来的3%提高到7%、改性剂添加量由0%提高到10%时,大豆油基包膜控释尿素的养分释放期由原来的7.5天提高到70天。3.EP可以大幅的提高煎炸废弃油基聚氨酯(WFOPU)的交联密度,提高聚合物交联链比重,而降低其悬挂链比重;其中10和20%为最佳的改性添加量,其交联密度分别为较未改性的提高了82.5%和77.9%。膜壳经过E44改性后,大孔隙被“堵住”,膜壳的孔隙度减小,膜壳表面的“凸起”与“沟壑”消失,膜壳表面变的更加致密,更加平滑。EP可明显影响膜壳的吸水率:10%E44改性的WFOPU吸水率(第3天)由原来的12.3%降低到6.5%。0、5、10、20、50和80%的E44改性WFOPU的孔隙度分别为10.0、8.5、7.2、7.9、10.4和15.3%。由EP改性的WFOPU基包膜控释肥,养分释放更加缓慢,释放期更长,养分累积释放曲线呈现明显的“S”型曲线,更吻合作物的生长需肥规律。4.植物油基聚氨酯膜材可生物降解:试验用0、10和20%EP改性PU作为降解物,在土壤中降解210天后,其质量分别减少31.2,29.1 and 20.3%。通过对其膜壳的微形态结构进行观察,可以看出膜壳在降解的过程中逐渐形成大孔洞,这可能是由于聚合物中的某些化学键会在土壤环境中断裂或被微生物的分解。
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【学位授予单位】：山东农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TQ441.41
本文编号：2283800
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【学位授予单位】：山东农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TQ441.41
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前10条
1 陈俊;卢光英;王喜周;应跃跃;;梯度冷冻离心分离法提高山茶油中不饱和脂肪酸含量的研究[J];价值工程;2016年01期
2 姜诚;于占龙;李文;王国宏;韩德艳;;植物油基多元醇的合成研究进展[J];化学与生物工程;2015年05期
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6 岳进;杨健;高红荣;;植物油基聚氨酯的合成与性能[J];科技通报;2013年01期
7 牛永生;明大增;李志祥;李沪萍;;缓/控释肥料的研究进展[J];化学工业与工程技术;2012年06期
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