黄土高原仍有拦沙能力的淤地坝数量及分布

发布时间：2018-10-24 15:22

【摘要】：淤地坝一直是减少入黄泥沙的重要水保工程,在近年黄河来沙锐减的背景下,现状淤地坝的实际拦沙作用尤其引人瞩目。以潼关以上黄土高原地区为重点区域,基于不同时期的淤地坝调查数据,分析了现状淤地坝的数量及其时空分布、设计淤积库容及截至2008年的淤积量等,结果表明:在目前5 658座骨干坝和1 1248座中型坝中,极可能已失去拦沙能力者分别为1 428座和5 003座,另有1979年以前建成的561座大型坝和2 734座中型坝仍难以判别其剩余拦沙能力;2009—2015年,潼关以上仍具有拦沙能力的骨干坝有3 582~4 143座,仍具有拦沙能力的中型坝有2 933~5 667座,主要分布在河龙区间;现有小型淤地坝39 516座,约95%分布在晋陕两省、90%建成于1989年以前,目前仍能发挥拦沙作用者主要是20世纪90年代以来建成的小型淤地坝。
[Abstract]:Silt dam has always been an important soil and water conservation project to reduce sediment into the Yellow River. In the background of the sharp decrease in sediment from the Yellow River in recent years, the actual sediment retention effect of the current silt dam is particularly noticeable. Taking the Loess Plateau area above Tongguan as the key area, based on the investigation data of silt dam in different periods, this paper analyzes the quantity and space-time distribution of the present silt dam, designs the silt storage capacity and silt up to 2008, etc. The results show that among the 5 658 backbone dams and 1 1248 medium dams, 1 428 and 5 003 are most likely to have lost their capacity to stop sediment, respectively. In addition, 561 large dams and 2 734 medium dams built before 1979 are still difficult to distinguish their residual sediment holding capacity. In 2009-2015, there were 3 582 (4 143) backbone dams above Tongguan and 2 933 (5 667) medium dams with sediment holding capacity. There are 39,516 small silt dams, about 95% of which are located in Shanxi and Shaanxi provinces, 90% of which were built before 1989.
【作者单位】：黄河水利委员会;黄河水利委员会黄河上中游管理局;
【基金】：“十二五”国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAB02B05)
【分类号】：S157.31

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