人工培育生物结皮在毛乌素沙地光伏电站施工迹地的风蚀防治研究
发布时间：2018-10-29 08:31
【摘要】：生物结皮广泛分布于我国西北干旱和半干旱地区,是该区生态系统的重要组成部分,能够显著提高土壤抗风蚀能力。已有诸多研究证实,在西北沙漠地区和黄土高原进行生物结皮人工培育是可行的,而且表现出良好的风蚀防治作用,然而将生物结皮人工培育与西北风沙区的光伏电站风蚀防治相结合的研究却鲜有报道。本试验以毛乌素沙地的光伏发电项目施工迹地作为研究区域,探索适用于该区域的不同类型生物结皮的最优培育方式以及PAM因子的影响。同时探讨了人工培育的风蚀防治的效益与机理。主要结论如下:1)西北风沙区光伏项目施工迹地人工培育生物结皮的影响因子通过人工撒播培育生物结皮,在降水量为400mm左右的区域可行。较优措施为:接种量500g/m2,施水量为3L/m2,施水频率2天/次,75天培育的撒播苔藓结皮和撒播藻结皮的盖度达到70%。苔藓结皮野外培育最优因素组合为营养液+洒水2天/次,撒播藻结皮野外培育最优因素组合为洒水2天/次+营养液或洒水2天/次+无营养液。2)PAM保水剂对人工培育生物结皮的影响在人工培育生物结皮过程中,PAM具有减少沙地表层水分蒸发的作用,因而PAM在洒水10天/次下对结皮生长具有显著促进作用。在洒水2天/次下,由于水分以满足结皮生长的需要,PAM对结皮的生长并没有起到促进作用。3)生物结皮的风蚀防治效益与机理裸沙表面培育生物结皮之后,防风蚀效果明显增强。与裸沙小区相比,喷播藻结皮小区、撒播藻结皮小区、撒播苔藓结皮小区年风蚀量分别下降27.88%、108.65%、114.42%,说明生物结皮措施能够极显著的提高土壤的抗风蚀能力,撒播藻结皮小区、撒播苔藓结皮小区最终出现了沙粒的堆积现象。撒播藻结皮和撒播苔藓结皮随着时间的增加,其结皮厚度也逐渐增加,会固定一部分沙粒。生物结皮结合工程措施风蚀防治试验结果表明光伏板下撒播苔藓结皮+出风口布设砾石处理防治风蚀效果最好,光伏板下撒播藻结皮+出风口布设砾石处理防风蚀效果次之,板下喷播藻结皮防治风蚀效果并不理想。
[Abstract]:Biological crust is widely distributed in arid and semi-arid areas of northwest China. It is an important part of ecosystem in this area and can significantly improve the ability of soil to resist wind erosion. Many studies have proved that artificial cultivation of biological crust in the northwest desert region and the Loess Plateau is feasible, and it shows good wind erosion prevention effect. However, the combination of artificial cultivation of biological crust and wind erosion prevention of photovoltaic power station in northwest wind sand area is rarely reported. In this experiment, the photovoltaic construction site of Maowusu sandy land was used as the research area to explore the optimal cultivation method of different types of biological crust and the influence of PAM factor. At the same time, the benefit and mechanism of wind erosion prevention and control by artificial cultivation were discussed. The main conclusions are as follows: 1) the factors influencing the artificial cultivation of biological crust in the photovoltaic project of northwest wind sand area are feasible in the region where the precipitation is about 400mm. The optimum measures were as follows: inoculation amount 500 g / m ~ 2, water application rate 3 L / m ~ (2), water application frequency 2 days / time, coverage of moss crust and algal crust of 75 days cultivation reached 70%. The optimum factors of moss crust cultivation in the field were as follows: nutrient solution sprinkled with water for 2 days. The optimum factors for field cultivation of algal crust were sprinkled with water for 2 days / time or without water for 2 days / time. 2) the effect of PAM water retaining agent on artificial cultivation of biological crust in the process of artificial cultivation of biological crust. PAM can reduce the evaporation of surface water in sandy soil, so PAM can significantly promote the growth of crust under the condition of spraying water for 10 days. Under the condition of spraying water for 2 days, PAM did not promote the growth of crust because of the water content to meet the needs of crust growth. 3) the effect of wind erosion prevention and control of biological crust and its mechanism after cultivation of biological crust on bare sand surface. The effect of wind erosion prevention is obviously enhanced. Compared with the bare sand plot, the annual wind erosion in the sprayed algae crust area and the spreading moss crust plot decreased 27.888.65 and 114.42, respectively. The results showed that biofilm could significantly improve the ability of soil to resist wind erosion. Finally, sand accumulation appeared in the algae-forming plot and mossy crust plot. The thickness of algae crust and mossy crust increased with time, and a part of sand was fixed. The results of wind erosion prevention and control with biological crust combined with engineering measures showed that the best effect was to prevent wind erosion by laying gravel at the air outlet of moss crust under photovoltaic panel, followed by gravel placement at the air outlet of algal crust under photovoltaic plate. The effect of spray seeding under board against wind erosion is not ideal.
【学位授予单位】：中国科学院研究生院(教育部水土保持与生态环境研究中心)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：S157
[Abstract]:Biological crust is widely distributed in arid and semi-arid areas of northwest China. It is an important part of ecosystem in this area and can significantly improve the ability of soil to resist wind erosion. Many studies have proved that artificial cultivation of biological crust in the northwest desert region and the Loess Plateau is feasible, and it shows good wind erosion prevention effect. However, the combination of artificial cultivation of biological crust and wind erosion prevention of photovoltaic power station in northwest wind sand area is rarely reported. In this experiment, the photovoltaic construction site of Maowusu sandy land was used as the research area to explore the optimal cultivation method of different types of biological crust and the influence of PAM factor. At the same time, the benefit and mechanism of wind erosion prevention and control by artificial cultivation were discussed. The main conclusions are as follows: 1) the factors influencing the artificial cultivation of biological crust in the photovoltaic project of northwest wind sand area are feasible in the region where the precipitation is about 400mm. The optimum measures were as follows: inoculation amount 500 g / m ~ 2, water application rate 3 L / m ~ (2), water application frequency 2 days / time, coverage of moss crust and algal crust of 75 days cultivation reached 70%. The optimum factors of moss crust cultivation in the field were as follows: nutrient solution sprinkled with water for 2 days. The optimum factors for field cultivation of algal crust were sprinkled with water for 2 days / time or without water for 2 days / time. 2) the effect of PAM water retaining agent on artificial cultivation of biological crust in the process of artificial cultivation of biological crust. PAM can reduce the evaporation of surface water in sandy soil, so PAM can significantly promote the growth of crust under the condition of spraying water for 10 days. Under the condition of spraying water for 2 days, PAM did not promote the growth of crust because of the water content to meet the needs of crust growth. 3) the effect of wind erosion prevention and control of biological crust and its mechanism after cultivation of biological crust on bare sand surface. The effect of wind erosion prevention is obviously enhanced. Compared with the bare sand plot, the annual wind erosion in the sprayed algae crust area and the spreading moss crust plot decreased 27.888.65 and 114.42, respectively. The results showed that biofilm could significantly improve the ability of soil to resist wind erosion. Finally, sand accumulation appeared in the algae-forming plot and mossy crust plot. The thickness of algae crust and mossy crust increased with time, and a part of sand was fixed. The results of wind erosion prevention and control with biological crust combined with engineering measures showed that the best effect was to prevent wind erosion by laying gravel at the air outlet of moss crust under photovoltaic panel, followed by gravel placement at the air outlet of algal crust under photovoltaic plate. The effect of spray seeding under board against wind erosion is not ideal.
【学位授予单位】：中国科学院研究生院(教育部水土保持与生态环境研究中心)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：S157
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