西双版纳热带山地雨林枯落物及其土壤水文功能

发布时间：2018-10-29 13:36

【摘要】：研究了云南西双版纳热带不同海拔梯度山地雨林枯落物层及土壤层水文功能.结果表明:土壤容重随着海拔的增加而降低,土壤总孔隙度、非毛管孔隙度、毛管孔隙度、土壤最大持水率、最大持水量、有效持水量和土壤含水量随海拔的增加而增加,局部有所波动;雨季前期含水量、饱和含水量和有效调蓄水空间随海拔的增加而增加,其中,饱和含水量和土壤有效调蓄水空间在不同海拔区差异均显著(P0.05).土壤渗透性能与总孔隙度和非毛管孔隙度均呈极显著正相关关系(P0.01),其中,非毛管孔隙对土壤渗透性的影响更为显著.不同海拔枯落物未分解层厚度均占总厚度的一半以上,枯落物厚度均表现为未分解层半分解层;枯落物总蓄积量和半分解层蓄积量占枯落物总蓄积量的比例均随海拔的增加而增加,说明低海拔枯落物分解速度较慢,高海拔枯落物分解速度较快.不同海拔枯落物半分解层和未分解层最大持水量、最大持水率、自然含水率、有效拦蓄率和有效拦蓄量均随海拔的增加而增加,并且各海拔未分解层均高于半分解层,而有效拦蓄量深度随海拔的增加而降低,局部有所波动.综合未分解层和半分解层的变化规律可知,高海拔拦蓄能力较强,低海拔较弱.不同海拔枯落物持水量随着浸泡时间增加而增加;枯落物吸水速率随着浸泡时间增加而降低,12 h后枯落物吸水速率逐渐趋于饱和.不同海拔枯落物持水量与浸水时间可用对数方程表示;吸水速率与浸泡时间可用冥函数方程表示.综合分析各项因子,低海拔热带山地雨林水源涵养能力普遍低于高海拔.
[Abstract]:The hydrological functions of litter layer and soil layer in tropical mountain rain forest with different elevations in Xishuangbanna Yunnan were studied. The results showed that the soil bulk density decreased with the increase of altitude, and the total porosity, non-capillary porosity, maximum water holding capacity, effective water holding capacity and soil water content increased with the increase of altitude. Local fluctuations; In the early rainy season, the water content, saturated water content and effective water transfer storage space increased with the increase of altitude, among which, there were significant differences between saturated water content and soil effective water transfer storage space at different altitudes (P0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between soil permeability and total porosity and non-capillary porosity (P0.01), and the influence of non-capillary porosity on soil permeability was more significant. The undecomposed layer thickness of litter at different altitudes was more than half of the total thickness, and the litter thickness was half decomposed layer of undecomposed layer. The ratio of total litter volume and semi-decomposable layer volume to total litter volume increased with the increase of altitude, which indicated that the decomposition rate of litter was slower at low altitude and faster at high altitude. The maximum water holding capacity, maximum water holdup, natural moisture content, effective interception rate and effective storage capacity of litter semi-decomposition layer and undecomposed layer at different elevations all increased with the increase of altitude, and all the undecomposed layers at different elevations were higher than those in semi-decomposed layer. However, the effective storage depth decreases with the increase of altitude and fluctuates locally. According to the changes of undecomposed layer and semi-decomposed layer, it can be seen that the storage capacity of high altitude is stronger than that of low altitude. The water holding capacity of litter increased with the increase of soaking time at different elevations, the water absorption rate of litter decreased with the increase of soaking time, and the water absorption rate of litter gradually became saturated after 12 hours. The water holding capacity and soaking time of litter at different elevations can be expressed by logarithmic equation, and the water absorption rate and soaking time can be expressed by dimmer function equation. The water conservation capacity of low altitude tropical mountain rain forest is generally lower than that of high altitude.
【作者单位】：金华职业技术学院农业与生物工程学院;云南省城乡规划设计研究院;浙江省农业科学院花卉研究开发中心;
【基金】：浙江省公益技术应用研究项目(2016C32G4010093)资助~~
【分类号】：S714

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