沼肥对大白菜生长的影响及土壤性状改良的研究

发布时间：2018-11-01 17:13

【摘要】：本文以白菜为研究对象,通过复合肥和沼肥不同处理。测定白菜生物量、硝酸盐含量、维C含量、总固体含量、挥发性固体含量、总糖和还原糖含量七个指标来比较沼肥种植与化肥种植两种肥源对白菜品质的影响,以期得到沼肥施用种植白菜的施肥技术;同时比较对土壤理化性质的影响。实验结果表明:关于白菜的品质,对于白菜总固体含量和挥发性固体含量,沼肥组和复合肥组间没有显著性差异,不同施用量沼肥组间也不存在显著性差异。在沼肥种植和复合肥两种肥源种植间,各组生物量存在显著性差异,沼肥种植组生物量均大于复合肥种植组生物量,B、C、D三组生物量含量相对于A组增加了12.37%、32.93%和34.93%。在设置不同的沼肥施用量组间,随着沼肥施用量的增加,白菜生物量也呈增长的趋势。施用沼肥组硝酸盐含量相比于施用高复合肥组明显降低,且各组间存在显著性差异。施用沼肥B、C、D三组硝酸盐含量相对于A组降低了64.6%、63.4%和51.5%。随着施肥量的增加,硝酸盐含量降低率在减少。当D组生物量相比于C组只增加了1.5%时,硝酸盐含量大幅度增加了83.6%。硝酸盐含量随着施肥量的增加,呈增长趋势。施肥量的过量会造成硝酸盐累积,但其累计的硝酸盐含量仍比复合肥A组低。相比于总糖和还原糖沼肥组与复合肥组、不同施用量组间均没有显著性差异,但沼肥种植组相对于复合肥A组都有增加。施用沼肥组维C含量均优于施用高复合肥组,且B、C、D三组维C含量相对于A组增加35.89%、36.03%和19.77%;在不同沼肥施用组间,当沼肥施用量达到一定值时,维C含量的增长出现了降低。即D组维C含量小于了C组的维C含量,但D组维C含量仍比施用复合肥组白菜维C含量高。施用沼肥有利于白菜品质的提高。施用沼肥C组在实现最大生物量的同时,维C含量优于复合肥组,且硝酸盐含量降低幅度最大,是最有利于白菜品质的施肥方法,最终确定为C组(全程沼液肥:基肥600mL,追肥分三次,定植15d后追施500mL,其后每10d追施600mL),作为沼肥种植白菜的施肥技术。关于土壤品质,短期内采用不同肥源、不同施肥量,对土壤总氮、速效钾、有效磷和挥发性固体含量没有显著性差异。连续两次种植白菜,采用沼肥种植,土壤中总氮含量、速效钾和有效磷含量的消耗没有化肥种植消耗的多,沼肥能减缓土壤中总氮、速效钾和有效磷的流失,对于种植前后土壤的挥发性固体含量,采用不同肥源,或是连续种植,各组间没有显著性差异及变化规律。
[Abstract]:In this paper, cabbage was treated with compound fertilizer and biogas fertilizer. The biomass, nitrate content, vitamin C content, total solid content, volatile solid content, total sugar and reducing sugar content of Chinese cabbage were measured to compare the effects of biogas fertilizer and chemical fertilizer on the quality of Chinese cabbage. In order to obtain the fertilization technology of biogas fertilizer applied to plant cabbage; At the same time, the effects on soil physical and chemical properties were compared. The results showed that there was no significant difference between the biogas fertilizer group and the compound fertilizer group for the total solid content and volatile solid content of Chinese cabbage, and there was no significant difference between the different application amount of biogas fertilizer group. There were significant differences in biomass between biogas fertilizer planting group and compound fertilizer group. The biomass of biogas fertilizer group was higher than that of compound fertilizer planting group, and the biomass content of group B _ (C) C _ (C) D increased 12.37 7% compared with A group. 32.93% and 34.93%. The biomass of Chinese cabbage increased with the increase of biogas fertilizer application rate. The nitrate content in the biogas fertilizer group was significantly lower than that in the high compound fertilizer group, and there were significant differences among the groups. Compared with group A, the nitrate content in group D decreased by 64.6% and 51.5% respectively. With the increase of fertilizer, nitrate content decreased. When the biomass of group D was only 1.5% higher than that of group C, nitrate content increased by 83.6%. Nitrate content increased with the increase of fertilization. The excessive amount of fertilizer could cause nitrate accumulation, but the accumulated nitrate content was still lower than that of compound fertilizer group A. Compared with the total sugar and reducing sugar biogas fertilizer group and the compound fertilizer group, there was no significant difference between the different application rate groups, but the biogas fertilizer planting group compared with the compound fertilizer group A increased. The content of vitamin C in the application of biogas fertilizer group was higher than that in the high compound fertilizer group, and the content of vitamin C in group B and C C D increased 35.8936.03% and 19.7777% compared with group A; When the amount of biogas fertilizer reached a certain value, the increase of vitamin C content decreased among different application groups of biogas fertilizer. The content of vitamin C in group D was lower than that in group C, but the content of vitamin C in group D was higher than that in group C. The application of biogas fertilizer is beneficial to the improvement of Chinese cabbage quality. When applying biogas fertilizer group C, the content of vitamin C was better than that of compound fertilizer group, and the nitrate content of group C was the most favorable to the quality of Chinese cabbage, which was determined as group C (total biogas fertilizer: basal fertilizer 600mL). Topdressing was divided into three stages, followed by application of 500mL after planting for 15 days and 600mL applied every 10 days thereafter, which was used as a fertilization technique for growing Chinese cabbage with biogas fertilizer. As for soil quality, there was no significant difference in soil total nitrogen, available potassium, available phosphorus and volatile solids by using different fertilizer sources and different fertilization amounts in a short period of time. The consumption of total nitrogen, available potassium and available phosphorus in soil was less than that in chemical fertilizer planting. Biogas fertilizer could slow down the loss of total nitrogen, available potassium and available phosphorus in soil. For the volatile solid content of soil before and after planting, there was no significant difference and change rule between different fertilizer sources or continuous planting.
【学位授予单位】：云南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S634.1;S156

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