水稻秸秆还田对土壤酶活性及土壤养分的影响
发布时间：2018-11-01 20:52
【摘要】：水稻秸秆还田具有培肥土壤、提高土壤酶活性和减少因过量使用化肥而造成的土壤污染和退化作用,秸秆还田是一种很好的资源再利用的形式。本试验针对黑龙江省寒地水稻生产现状,通过小区试验与室内模拟试验相结合的方式,探索寒地水稻秸秆还田对土壤酶活性及土壤养分的影响,为黑龙江省水稻秸秆还田的进一步推广提供理论指导和技术支撑,研究结果表明:秸秆还田处理的土壤酸性磷酸酶活性显著高于不还田处理,其活性随秸秆施入量增加而升高,除了室内模拟试验中秸秆不还田处理的酸性磷酸酶活性呈逐渐下降趋势,土壤酸性磷酸酶活性均呈现先升高后降低的变化规律。在小区试验中,土壤中性磷酸酶活性比较稳定,在模拟试验中,在培养10天时土壤中性磷酸酶活性急剧下降然后上升最后趋于稳定;秸秆还田处理的中性磷酸酶活性显著高于不还田处理。土壤碱性磷酸酶在小区试验中先升高再降低最后上升,在室内模拟试验中,土壤碱性磷酸酶活性先升高后降低;秸秆还田处理的碱性磷酸酶活性显著高于不还田处理,且随着秸秆量的增加先升高后降低,小区试验中,0.5STR处理的碱性磷酸酶活性达到最大,而在室内模拟试验中,1.0STR处理的碱性磷酸酶活性达到最大。在小区试验中,土壤脲酶活性呈现降低--升高--降低的变化规律,秸秆还田处理的脲酶活性显著低于不还田处理,在室内模拟试验中,土壤脲酶活性呈现逐渐降低的趋势,土壤脲酶活性随着秸秆量的增加先降低后升高,表现为2.0STR1.5STRSTM0.5STR1.0STR。土壤蔗糖酶活性均呈现先降低后升高的趋势,秸秆还田处理的土壤蔗糖酶活性显著高于不还田处理的,1.0STR处理的蔗糖酶活性达到最大。在小区试验中,水稻秸秆还田提高了土壤全氮、全磷和全钾的含量,同时秸秆还田增加了土壤土壤无机氮、NH4+-N、NO3--N、速效磷和速效钾的含量。在室内模拟试验中,土壤无机氮、NH4+-N和NO3--N的含量均呈现逐渐下降的趋势,土壤无机氮随着秸秆的施入先降低后升高,表现为2.0STR1.5STRSTM0.5STR1.0STR;土壤NH4+-N含量随着秸秆量的增加而升高,水稻秸秆的施入降低了土壤NO3--N含量。速效磷和速效钾含量均呈现先升高后降低的变化趋势,秸秆还田处理的速效磷含量和速效钾含量显著高于秸秆不还田处理的。土壤酶活性与土壤速效养分间有一定的相关性,其中土壤酸性磷酸酶活性与土壤速效磷及速效钾的含量呈显著正相关,土壤蔗糖酶活性与土壤无机氮、NH4+-N、NO3--N、土壤速效磷及速效钾的含量呈显著正相关,土壤脲酶活性与土壤无机氮及NH4+-N的含量呈极呈显著正相关,与土壤NO3--N的含量呈显著正相关。秸秆还田处理的水稻产量高于秸秆不还田处理,0.5STR处理的水稻产量高于1.0STR处理,并且施入水稻秸秆提高了水稻的分蘖及有效分蘖。
[Abstract]:The return of rice straw to the field has the function of fertilizing soil, improving soil enzyme activity and reducing soil pollution and degradation caused by excessive use of chemical fertilizer. Straw returning to field is a good form of resource reuse. In view of the present situation of rice production in cold region of Heilongjiang Province, the effect of returning rice straw from cold region to soil enzyme activity and soil nutrient was explored by combining plot experiment with indoor simulation test. The results showed that the soil acid phosphatase activity of straw returning treatment was significantly higher than that of non-returning treatment, and its activity increased with the increase of straw application amount. Except for the simulated experiment in laboratory, the acid phosphatase activity of the treatment without straw returning to the field decreased gradually, and the activity of soil acid phosphatase increased first and then decreased. In the plot experiment, the neutral phosphatase activity in the soil was stable. In the simulation experiment, the neutral phosphatase activity in the soil decreased sharply after 10 days of culture and then increased and then tended to be stable. The neutral phosphatase activity of straw returning treatment was significantly higher than that of non-returning treatment. Soil alkaline phosphatase (ALP) increased first and then decreased in plot experiment. In indoor simulation experiment, soil alkaline phosphatase activity increased first and then decreased. The alkaline phosphatase activity of straw returning treatment was significantly higher than that of non-returning treatment, and with the increase of straw amount, the alkaline phosphatase activity of 0.5STR treatment first increased and then decreased. In the plot experiment, the alkaline phosphatase activity of 0.5STR treatment reached the maximum, while in the indoor simulation experiment, the alkaline phosphatase activity of 0.5STR treatment reached the maximum. The activity of alkaline phosphatase treated with 1.0STR was the highest. In the plot experiment, the urease activity of soil decreased, increased and decreased. The urease activity of straw returning treatment was significantly lower than that of non-field treatment, and the soil urease activity decreased gradually in the indoor simulation experiment. The soil urease activity decreased firstly and then increased with the increase of straw content, showing that 2.0 STR 1.5 STR STM 0.5 STR 1.0 STR. Soil sucrase activity decreased first and then increased. The soil sucrase activity of straw returning treatment was significantly higher than that of non-field treatment, and the sucrose enzyme activity of 1.0STR treatment reached the maximum. In the plot experiment, the contents of total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium were increased by returning rice straw to the field, and the contents of inorganic nitrogen, NH4-Nno _ 3 N, available phosphorus and available potassium were increased when straw was returned to the field. The contents of inorganic nitrogen, NH4-N and NO3--N in soil decreased gradually in laboratory simulation experiment. The content of inorganic nitrogen in soil decreased first and then increased with the application of straw, which showed as 2.0 STR 1.5 STR STM 0.5 STR 1.0 STR. The content of NH4-N in soil increased with the increase of straw content, and the content of NO3--N in soil decreased with the application of rice straw. The contents of available phosphorus and available potassium increased first and then decreased. The available phosphorus and potassium content of straw returning treatment was significantly higher than that of straw non-returning treatment. There was a positive correlation between soil enzyme activity and soil available nutrients, among which the activity of soil acid phosphatase was positively correlated with the content of available phosphorus and potassium, and the activity of soil sucrase was correlated with soil inorganic nitrogen, NH4-Nnnno _ 3-N, and the activity of soil sucrase was positively correlated with the content of available phosphorus and potassium in soil. There was a significant positive correlation between soil available phosphorus and available potassium content, soil urease activity and soil inorganic nitrogen and NH4-N content, and soil NO3--N content with significant positive correlation between soil urease activity and soil inorganic nitrogen and NH4-N content. The rice yield of straw returning treatment was higher than that of straw non-returning treatment, the rice yield of 0.5STR treatment was higher than that of 1.0STR treatment, and the tillering and effective tiller of rice were improved by applying rice straw.
【学位授予单位】：东北农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S141.4
本文编号：2305071
[Abstract]:The return of rice straw to the field has the function of fertilizing soil, improving soil enzyme activity and reducing soil pollution and degradation caused by excessive use of chemical fertilizer. Straw returning to field is a good form of resource reuse. In view of the present situation of rice production in cold region of Heilongjiang Province, the effect of returning rice straw from cold region to soil enzyme activity and soil nutrient was explored by combining plot experiment with indoor simulation test. The results showed that the soil acid phosphatase activity of straw returning treatment was significantly higher than that of non-returning treatment, and its activity increased with the increase of straw application amount. Except for the simulated experiment in laboratory, the acid phosphatase activity of the treatment without straw returning to the field decreased gradually, and the activity of soil acid phosphatase increased first and then decreased. In the plot experiment, the neutral phosphatase activity in the soil was stable. In the simulation experiment, the neutral phosphatase activity in the soil decreased sharply after 10 days of culture and then increased and then tended to be stable. The neutral phosphatase activity of straw returning treatment was significantly higher than that of non-returning treatment. Soil alkaline phosphatase (ALP) increased first and then decreased in plot experiment. In indoor simulation experiment, soil alkaline phosphatase activity increased first and then decreased. The alkaline phosphatase activity of straw returning treatment was significantly higher than that of non-returning treatment, and with the increase of straw amount, the alkaline phosphatase activity of 0.5STR treatment first increased and then decreased. In the plot experiment, the alkaline phosphatase activity of 0.5STR treatment reached the maximum, while in the indoor simulation experiment, the alkaline phosphatase activity of 0.5STR treatment reached the maximum. The activity of alkaline phosphatase treated with 1.0STR was the highest. In the plot experiment, the urease activity of soil decreased, increased and decreased. The urease activity of straw returning treatment was significantly lower than that of non-field treatment, and the soil urease activity decreased gradually in the indoor simulation experiment. The soil urease activity decreased firstly and then increased with the increase of straw content, showing that 2.0 STR 1.5 STR STM 0.5 STR 1.0 STR. Soil sucrase activity decreased first and then increased. The soil sucrase activity of straw returning treatment was significantly higher than that of non-field treatment, and the sucrose enzyme activity of 1.0STR treatment reached the maximum. In the plot experiment, the contents of total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium were increased by returning rice straw to the field, and the contents of inorganic nitrogen, NH4-Nno _ 3 N, available phosphorus and available potassium were increased when straw was returned to the field. The contents of inorganic nitrogen, NH4-N and NO3--N in soil decreased gradually in laboratory simulation experiment. The content of inorganic nitrogen in soil decreased first and then increased with the application of straw, which showed as 2.0 STR 1.5 STR STM 0.5 STR 1.0 STR. The content of NH4-N in soil increased with the increase of straw content, and the content of NO3--N in soil decreased with the application of rice straw. The contents of available phosphorus and available potassium increased first and then decreased. The available phosphorus and potassium content of straw returning treatment was significantly higher than that of straw non-returning treatment. There was a positive correlation between soil enzyme activity and soil available nutrients, among which the activity of soil acid phosphatase was positively correlated with the content of available phosphorus and potassium, and the activity of soil sucrase was correlated with soil inorganic nitrogen, NH4-Nnnno _ 3-N, and the activity of soil sucrase was positively correlated with the content of available phosphorus and potassium in soil. There was a significant positive correlation between soil available phosphorus and available potassium content, soil urease activity and soil inorganic nitrogen and NH4-N content, and soil NO3--N content with significant positive correlation between soil urease activity and soil inorganic nitrogen and NH4-N content. The rice yield of straw returning treatment was higher than that of straw non-returning treatment, the rice yield of 0.5STR treatment was higher than that of 1.0STR treatment, and the tillering and effective tiller of rice were improved by applying rice straw.
【学位授予单位】：东北农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S141.4
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