长期施用牛粪对松嫩平原盐渍化土壤质量的影响（英文）

发布时间：2018-11-02 19:51

【摘要】：在盐渍化土壤中,普遍存在土壤结构性和养分状况差以及土壤酶活性低等现象。这种现象主要是由于土壤中过量的交换性钠离子和较高的土壤pH所引起。长期施用有机肥(牛粪)是一项提升盐渍化土壤质量的重要措施。本研究依托东北农业大学盐碱土改良长期定位试验站,以腐熟的牛粪为改良材料,依据牛粪施用年限共设置5个处理,采用完全随机区组设计,每处理3次重复,供试作为玉米,各处理分别为:施用牛粪2年、6年、13年和18年,以不施用牛粪的盐渍化土壤作为对照。分别测定各处理的土壤理化指标和酶活性。采用因子分析法与土壤质量指数法评价长期施用有机肥对盐渍化土壤质量的影响。研究结果表明:长期施用有机肥能够改善盐渍化土壤的物理性状、提高土壤养分状况、降低土壤pH和盐分以及增加土壤酶活性。根据特征根1原则,经因子分析后可提取2个公因子,分别表征"土壤结构性"(因子1)和"土壤盐碱性质"(因子2)。与未施用有机肥的土壤相比,施用有机肥13年和18年的土壤具有较好的土壤结构性和较低的盐碱性质,而施用有机肥2年和6年的土壤仅具有较低的盐碱性质。比较土壤质量指数(SOI)可知:盐渍化土壤质量随有机肥施用年限而增加,有机肥施用18年处理的土壤质量最高。总之,土壤结构性差和盐碱性质高是影响松嫩平原盐渍化土壤质量的关键限制因子,其中以土壤结构性差最为主导;土壤容重、pH和盐分的降低是长期有机培肥措施下盐渍化土壤质量得以提升的重要特征,尤其是以土壤容重的降低最为重要。
[Abstract]:In salinized soils, poor soil structure and nutrient status and low soil enzyme activity are common phenomena. This phenomenon is mainly caused by excessive exchangeable sodium ions in soil and high soil pH. Long-term application of organic manure (cow dung) is an important measure to improve the quality of salinized soil. In this study, 5 treatments were set up according to the years of application of cattle dung, based on the long-term positioning test station of saline-alkali soil improvement in Northeast Agricultural University, and the treatment was repeated 3 times per treatment, according to the total number of years of application of cow dung, and the design of complete random block design was adopted. The treatments were as follows: cattle manure was applied for 2 years, 6 years, 13 years and 18 years, respectively. The salinized soil without cow dung was used as control. The soil physical and chemical indexes and enzyme activity of each treatment were measured. Factor analysis method and soil quality index method were used to evaluate the effect of long-term application of organic fertilizer on salinized soil quality. The results showed that long-term application of organic fertilizer could improve the physical properties of salinized soil, increase soil nutrient status, reduce soil pH and salinity, and increase soil enzyme activity. According to the principle of characteristic root 1, two common factors can be extracted by factor analysis to characterize "soil structure" (factor 1) and "soil saline-alkali property" (factor 2), respectively. Compared with the soil without organic fertilizer, the soil applied with organic fertilizer for 13 and 18 years had better soil structure and lower saline-alkali property, but the soil with organic fertilizer for 2 and 6 years had only lower saline-alkali property. Compared with the soil quality index (SOI), the soil quality of salinized soil increased with the application years of organic fertilizer, and the soil quality of 18 years of organic fertilizer application was the highest. In short, poor soil structure and high salinity are the key limiting factors affecting soil quality of salinization in Songnen Plain. The reduction of soil bulk density, pH and salt is an important feature of salinized soil quality under long-term organic fertilization, especially the decrease of soil bulk density.
【作者单位】：东北农业大学资源与环境学院;黑龙江省农科院耕作与栽培研究所;
【基金】：National Natural Science Foundation of China(41501315 and41501316) Special Funds for the "Young Talents" Project of Northeast Agricultural University(14QC31 and 16QC11) Key Technology Research of Efficient Fertilization of Farmland and Promotion of Land Productivity in Songnen Plain of China(YS15B15) Fund of Postdoctor in China(2014M551207)
【分类号】：S156.4

【相似文献】