双季玉米种植下长期施肥改变红壤氮磷活化能力

发布时间：2018-11-06 16:03

【摘要】：为了系统研究南方丘陵区红壤氮磷养分活化程度对长期施肥和玉米连作模式的响应规律,研究选取江西进贤红壤旱地双季玉米长期试验的不施肥(CK)、氮肥(N)、磷肥(P)、氮磷配施(NP)、氮磷钾配施(NPK)、2倍氮磷钾配施(HNPK)和氮磷钾肥与有机肥配施(NPKOM)等处理,分析其27a内(1986—2013年)土壤全氮、碱解氮、全磷、有效磷和氮磷活化度的时间序列变化,并研究了土壤氮磷的增加速率以及土壤有机碳与氮磷活化度的相互关系。结果表明,各处理对氮磷活化度的提升效果存在明显差异。试验27a间,施氮处理对氮活化度的提升效果在60.25%~105.35%之间,以NPK处理为最高,HNPK和NPKOM次之;施磷处理对磷活化度的提升效果在2.29~15.40倍之间,以NPKOM处理为最高,HNPK和P处理次之。NPKOM处理对碱解氮和速效磷的提升作用在所有处理中均为最高。施肥处理提升氮磷活化度的主要原因是提升了碱解氮和有效磷。与试验前相比,连续27a施肥后,NPKOM处理的土壤全氮和全磷仅增加了25.02%和145.16%,而碱解氮和全磷则分别增加了131.46%和38.39倍,导致氮磷活化度分别增加了85.14%和15.40倍。土壤氮活化度与土壤有机碳不存在线性关系,而磷活化度则表现出随土壤有机碳含量增加而逐渐增加的趋势,且土壤有机碳含量与磷素活化度呈显著的正相关关系(R~2=0.264 1,P0.05)。因此,在红壤旱地双季玉米种植模式中,有机无机肥配施是提升土壤氮磷养分含量和氮磷活化度的重要措施,磷的活化程度明显高于氮,但速效氮磷养分的大幅增加也可能导致环境风险。
[Abstract]:In order to systematically study the response of nitrogen and phosphorus activation degree of red soil to long-term fertilization and continuous cropping model of maize in southern hilly region, the long-term experiment of non-fertilizing (CK), nitrogen fertilizer (N), was carried out in Jinxian red soil upland maize in Jiangxi Province. Phosphorus fertilizer, (P), nitrogen, phosphorus, (NP), nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and (NPK), 2 times N, P, K, (HNPK), N, P, K and organic fertilizer, (NPKOM) and so on, were used to analyze soil total nitrogen, alkaline hydrolyzed nitrogen and total phosphorus in 27 years (1986-2013). The time series changes of the active degree of available phosphorus and nitrogen and phosphorus were studied, and the increasing rate of nitrogen and phosphorus in soil and the relationship between soil organic carbon and nitrogen and phosphorus activation were studied. The results showed that the effects of different treatments on the activation of nitrogen and phosphorus were significantly different. During the experiment 27 years, the effect of nitrogen application on nitrogen activation was between 60.25% and 105.35%, with NPK treatment being the highest, HNPK and NPKOM taking the second place. The effect of phosphorus application on phosphorus activation was between 2.29 and 15.40 times, with NPKOM treatment as the highest, HNPK and P treatment as the second. NPKOM treatment had the highest promotion effect on alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen and rapidly available phosphorus in all treatments. The main reason for increasing the activity of nitrogen and phosphorus under fertilization treatment was that the alkali hydrolyzed nitrogen and available phosphorus were increased. Compared with that before the experiment, the total nitrogen and total phosphorus of NPKOM treatment increased only 25.02% and 145.16%, while the alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen and total phosphorus increased 131.46% and 38.39 times, respectively. The activity of nitrogen and phosphorus increased by 85.14% and 15.40 times respectively. There was no linear relationship between soil nitrogen activation and soil organic carbon, but phosphorus activation showed a trend of increasing with the increase of soil organic carbon content, and there was a significant positive correlation between soil organic carbon content and phosphorus activation degree. P0.05). Therefore, the combination of organic and inorganic fertilizers is an important measure to improve the nitrogen and phosphorus content and the activation degree of nitrogen and phosphorus in the model of double cropping maize planting in the upland of red soil, and the activation degree of phosphorus is obviously higher than that of nitrogen. However, the significant increase of available nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients may also lead to environmental risks.
【作者单位】： 国家红壤改良工程技术研究中心/江西省红壤研究所;
【基金】：公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费(201203030) 江西省科技支撑计划项目(20141BBF60050) 国家科技支撑计划项目(2011BAD41B01) 国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)子课题项目(2011CB100501)
【分类号】：S156.6;S513
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本文编号：2314766