滇池东岸风化壳（土壤）同位素分布与迁移研究
发布时间：2018-11-07 18:12
【摘要】：长期以来,风化壳(土壤)的侵蚀研究都是以定性方式为主,定量研究一直是个难题。现在,放射性同位素示踪技术是一种研究风化壳(土壤)侵蚀的新方法。该方法不但可靠性比较高,且省时省力,是进行流域尺度范围研究的有效手段。本文应用放射性同位素137Cs定年方法,结合土壤中的总磷、总氮、有机碳的含量测试,对云南省昆明市滇池流域东岸的松茂水库区域、宝象河小流域的风化壳(土壤)近50a的侵蚀速率进行研究。得出以下成果：1、放射性同位素137Cs的含量与风化壳(土壤)类型有关。松茂水库区域依据不同土壤类型中的137Cs的平均含量递增的顺序进行排序：撂荒地6.73 bq/m2林地83.38 bq/m2河滩地290.40 bq/m2草地332.99 bq/m2,撂荒地土壤中137Cs的平均含量最少,含量最多的是草地。宝象河小流域中依据不同土壤类型中的137Cs的平均含量递增的顺序进行排序：灌木地70.46 bq/m2林地77.86bq/m2草地84.17 bq/m2。灌木地土壤中137Cs的平均含量最少,含量最多的也是草地。总磷、总氮、有机碳的含量也与风化壳(土壤)类型有关,土壤侵蚀速率的会影响土壤中有机碳(TOC)、总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)的流失。松茂水库区域：TOC：撂荒地5.44%草地8.955%河滩地13.73%林地14.71%；TN：撂荒地2.03%林地2.07%草地2.13%河滩地3.16%；TP：林地0.85%撂荒地0.87%河滩地1.42%草地1.58%。宝象河小流域：TOC：灌木地8.48%林地9.8%草地12.1%；TN：林地0.88%灌木地1.16%草地1.48%；TP：林地0.26%灌木地0.33%草地0.37%。松茂水库区域中TOC和TN含量最低的是撂荒地；TP含量草地最高,林地最低。宝象河小流域中TOC和TN含量最低的是灌木地和林地,草地最高；TP含量草地最高,林地最低。2、放射性同位素137Cs含量与风化壳(土壤)深度有关：随着深度的增加,137Cs的含量不断减少。同时,松茂水库区域和宝象河小流域均发生了土壤侵蚀。已知滇池盆地的137Cs背景值为906bq/m2,在松茂水库区域和宝象河小流域的各种土壤类型中,其137Cs含量均小于背景值,都发生了土壤侵蚀。3、风化壳(土壤)侵蚀速率与土壤类型有关。利用土壤侵蚀速率公式A(x)=Aref(1-eλx和计算得出各个小流域的土壤侵蚀速率,松茂水库区域和宝象河小流域的平均土壤侵蚀速率分别为：19.892 cm/a和19.962 cm/a,宝象河小流域的土壤侵蚀更加严重。松茂水库区域的平均土壤侵蚀速率按递增的顺序排列为草地19.787 cm/a河滩地19.836 cm/a林地19.948 cm/a撂荒地19.997 cm/a；宝象河小流域平均土壤侵蚀速率按从小到大的顺序依次排列为草地19.958 cm/a林地19.961 cm/a灌木地19.966 cm/a。4、风化壳(土壤)侵蚀速率与土壤中有机碳(TOC)、总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)的含量呈负相关,土壤侵蚀速率越快,TOC、TN、TP的含量就越少。
[Abstract]:For a long time, the study of weathering crust (soil) erosion is mainly qualitative, quantitative study has been a difficult problem. Now, radioisotope tracer technique is a new method to study erosion of weathered crust (soil). This method is not only reliable, but also time-saving and labor-saving. Based on the radioisotope 137Cs dating method and the determination of total phosphorus, total nitrogen and organic carbon in soil, the Songmao Reservoir area on the eastern bank of Dianchi Basin, Kunming, Yunnan Province, is studied. The erosion rate of weathering crust (soil) in Baoxiang River watershed was studied in the last 50 years. The following results are obtained: 1. The content of radioisotope 137Cs is related to the type of weathered crust (soil). In Songmao Reservoir area, according to the increasing order of 137Cs average content in different soil types, the order is as follows: abandoned land 6.73 bq/m2 woodland 83.38 bq/m2 river beach 290.40 bq/m2 grassland 332.99 bq/m2, The average content of 137Cs in abandoned soil was the least, and the highest in grassland. In the small watershed of Baoxiang River, according to the increasing order of average 137Cs content in different soil types, the order is as follows: shrub land 70.46 bq/m2 woodland 77.86bq/m2 grassland 84.17 bq/m2. The average content of 137Cs in shrub soil was the least, and the highest content was in grassland. The contents of total phosphorus, total nitrogen and organic carbon were also related to the type of weathered crust (soil). The soil erosion rate would affect the loss of total phosphorus (TP) of total nitrogen (TN),) of organic carbon (TOC),) in soil. Songmao reservoir area: TOC: abandoned 5.44% grassland 8.955% river beach 13.73% forest land 14.71T: abandoned land 2.03% forest land 2.07% grassland 2.13% river beach 3.16; TP: forest land 0.85% abandoned 0.87% river beach 1.42% grassland 1.58. Baoxiang River small watershed: TOC: shrub land 8.48% forest land 9.8% grassland 12.1T: forest land 0.88% shrub land 1.16% grassland 1.48% TP5; woodland 0.26% shrub land 0.33% grassland 0.37cm. In Songmao Reservoir area, the lowest content of TOC and TN was abandoned land, and the content of TP was the highest in grassland and the lowest in forestland. The contents of TOC and TN in the small watershed of Baoxiang River were the lowest in shrub land and woodland, and the highest in grassland. The content of TP was the highest in grassland and the lowest in woodland. The content of radioisotope 137Cs was related to the depth of weathered crust (soil): with the increase of depth, the content of 137Cs decreased. At the same time, soil erosion occurred in Songmao Reservoir area and Baoxiang River watershed. The known 137Cs background value of Dianchi Basin is 906bq / m2. Soil erosion occurred in various soil types of Songmao Reservoir area and Baoxianhe small watershed, and the 137Cs content was smaller than the background value. The erosion rate of weathered crust (soil) is related to soil type. Using the formula of soil erosion rate A (x) = Aref (1-e 位 x), the soil erosion rate of each small watershed is calculated. The average soil erosion rate in Songmao Reservoir area and Baoxiang River watershed is 19.892 cm/a and 19.962 cm/a, respectively. Soil erosion in the small watershed of the Baoxiang River is even more serious. The average soil erosion rate in Songmao Reservoir area was arranged in increasing order as grassland 19.787 cm/a, beach land 19.836 cm/a, forest land 19.948 cm/a abandoned 19.997 cm/a;. The average soil erosion rate in the small watershed of Baoxiang River is arranged as follows: grassland 19.958 cm/a woodland 19.961 cm/a shrub land 19.966 cm/a.4, weathering crust (soil) erosion rate and organic carbon (TOC), in soil The content of total nitrogen (TN),) and total phosphorus (TP) was negatively correlated. The faster the soil erosion rate, the less the content of TOC,TN,TP.
【学位授予单位】：昆明理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S157.1
本文编号：2317174
[Abstract]:For a long time, the study of weathering crust (soil) erosion is mainly qualitative, quantitative study has been a difficult problem. Now, radioisotope tracer technique is a new method to study erosion of weathered crust (soil). This method is not only reliable, but also time-saving and labor-saving. Based on the radioisotope 137Cs dating method and the determination of total phosphorus, total nitrogen and organic carbon in soil, the Songmao Reservoir area on the eastern bank of Dianchi Basin, Kunming, Yunnan Province, is studied. The erosion rate of weathering crust (soil) in Baoxiang River watershed was studied in the last 50 years. The following results are obtained: 1. The content of radioisotope 137Cs is related to the type of weathered crust (soil). In Songmao Reservoir area, according to the increasing order of 137Cs average content in different soil types, the order is as follows: abandoned land 6.73 bq/m2 woodland 83.38 bq/m2 river beach 290.40 bq/m2 grassland 332.99 bq/m2, The average content of 137Cs in abandoned soil was the least, and the highest in grassland. In the small watershed of Baoxiang River, according to the increasing order of average 137Cs content in different soil types, the order is as follows: shrub land 70.46 bq/m2 woodland 77.86bq/m2 grassland 84.17 bq/m2. The average content of 137Cs in shrub soil was the least, and the highest content was in grassland. The contents of total phosphorus, total nitrogen and organic carbon were also related to the type of weathered crust (soil). The soil erosion rate would affect the loss of total phosphorus (TP) of total nitrogen (TN),) of organic carbon (TOC),) in soil. Songmao reservoir area: TOC: abandoned 5.44% grassland 8.955% river beach 13.73% forest land 14.71T: abandoned land 2.03% forest land 2.07% grassland 2.13% river beach 3.16; TP: forest land 0.85% abandoned 0.87% river beach 1.42% grassland 1.58. Baoxiang River small watershed: TOC: shrub land 8.48% forest land 9.8% grassland 12.1T: forest land 0.88% shrub land 1.16% grassland 1.48% TP5; woodland 0.26% shrub land 0.33% grassland 0.37cm. In Songmao Reservoir area, the lowest content of TOC and TN was abandoned land, and the content of TP was the highest in grassland and the lowest in forestland. The contents of TOC and TN in the small watershed of Baoxiang River were the lowest in shrub land and woodland, and the highest in grassland. The content of TP was the highest in grassland and the lowest in woodland. The content of radioisotope 137Cs was related to the depth of weathered crust (soil): with the increase of depth, the content of 137Cs decreased. At the same time, soil erosion occurred in Songmao Reservoir area and Baoxiang River watershed. The known 137Cs background value of Dianchi Basin is 906bq / m2. Soil erosion occurred in various soil types of Songmao Reservoir area and Baoxianhe small watershed, and the 137Cs content was smaller than the background value. The erosion rate of weathered crust (soil) is related to soil type. Using the formula of soil erosion rate A (x) = Aref (1-e 位 x), the soil erosion rate of each small watershed is calculated. The average soil erosion rate in Songmao Reservoir area and Baoxiang River watershed is 19.892 cm/a and 19.962 cm/a, respectively. Soil erosion in the small watershed of the Baoxiang River is even more serious. The average soil erosion rate in Songmao Reservoir area was arranged in increasing order as grassland 19.787 cm/a, beach land 19.836 cm/a, forest land 19.948 cm/a abandoned 19.997 cm/a;. The average soil erosion rate in the small watershed of Baoxiang River is arranged as follows: grassland 19.958 cm/a woodland 19.961 cm/a shrub land 19.966 cm/a.4, weathering crust (soil) erosion rate and organic carbon (TOC), in soil The content of total nitrogen (TN),) and total phosphorus (TP) was negatively correlated. The faster the soil erosion rate, the less the content of TOC,TN,TP.
【学位授予单位】：昆明理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S157.1
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