我国主要菜区耕层土壤盐分总量及离子组成

发布时间：2018-11-09 07:29

【摘要】：【目的】评价全国主要菜区温室、大棚和露地菜田土壤盐分及离子组成状况,为土壤次生盐渍化防治、蔬菜合理施肥和土壤可持续利用提供一定的理论依据。【方法】在我国北方3个区域(东北、华北、西北地区)和南方4个区域(华中、西南、华东、华南地区)主要蔬菜种植区不同栽培方式典型菜田耕层土壤展开调查,共采集501个土壤样品,分析了盐分总量及其离子组成。【结果】1)全国主要菜区设施(温室和大棚)菜田土壤盐分总量及其各离子含量(NO_3~-、SO_4~(2-)、Cl~-、Na~+、K~+、Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+))均显著高于露地菜田土壤,盐分总量平均高69.3%,离子组成增加幅度在36.2%170.0%之间。2)设施菜田土壤次生盐渍化的土样数比例显著高于露地菜田土壤,但设施菜田土壤盐化程度总体上较轻,居于轻度盐化水平的比例占38.2%,处于中度盐化以上水平的比例仅占4.7%。3)设施菜田土壤盐分总量及主要盐分离子(NO_3~-、SO_4~(2-)和Ca~(2+))含量积累总体上随种植年限的延长呈先增后降并趋于平缓的变化趋势,在连续种植5 6年时达到高峰期,之后因采取的各种管理措施而有所降低,但仍显著高于露地菜田土壤。4)设施菜田土壤盐分离子组成以NO_3~-和SO_4~(2-)为主,其次是Ca~(2+),分别占盐分总量的27.9%、26.9%和15.3%。露地菜田土壤主要盐分离子组成总体上是SO_4~(2-)NO_3~-Ca~(2+)、HCO_3~-,分别平均占盐分总量的29.0%、21.1%、16.1%和14.1%,但西北地区露地菜田土壤盐分离子组成以HCO_3~-为主,其次是SO_4~(2-)、NO_3~-和Ca~(2+)。【结论】设施菜田土壤次生盐渍化的土样数比例虽然显著高于露地菜田土壤,但土壤盐化程度总体上较轻,盐分离子主要是NO_3~-、SO_4~(2-)和Ca~(2+),NO_3~-、SO_4~(2-)含量大于Ca~(2+)含量;露地菜田主要盐分离子是SO_4~(2-)、NO_3~-、Ca~(2+)和HCO_3~-,含量为SO_4~(2-)NO_3~-Ca~(2+)、HCO_3~-。
[Abstract]:[objective] to evaluate the soil salinity and ion composition in greenhouse, greenhouse and open field vegetable fields in China, so as to prevent and control soil secondary salinization. The rational fertilization of vegetables and the sustainable use of soil provide some theoretical basis. [methods] three regions in the north of China (Northeast, North and Northwest) and four regions in the South (Central, Southwest, East China), In South China, 501 soil samples were collected from the topsoil of typical vegetable fields in the main vegetable growing areas. The total salt content and its ionic composition were analyzed. [results] 1) the total salt content of vegetable soil and its ionic contents (NO_3~-,SO_4~ _ (2-), Cl~-,Na~, K ~, Ca~ (2) in vegetable fields in main vegetable regions of China (greenhouse and greenhouse) were analyzed. Mg~ (2) was significantly higher than that of open vegetable soil, and the total salt content was 69.3% higher than that of open vegetable soil, and the increase of ion composition was between 36 2 and 0 0%. 2) the percentage of secondary salinization soil samples in protected vegetable field was significantly higher than that in open field vegetable field soil. However, the degree of soil salinization in protected vegetable fields was generally relatively light, and the proportion of the soil in the light salinization level accounted for 38.2 percent. The proportion of soil salt above moderate salinization level is only 4.7.3) the total salt content and the main salt ions (NO_3~-,) in the soil of vegetable field in the facility are only 4. 7. 3). The accumulation of SO_4~ (2-) and Ca~ (2) increased first and then decreased with the extension of planting years, reached the peak after 56 years of continuous planting, and then decreased because of various management measures. However, it was still significantly higher than that of open vegetable soil. 4) NO_3~- and SO_4~ (2-) were the main components of salt ions in protected vegetable soil, followed by Ca~ (2), accounting for 27.929% and 15.3% of the total salt content, respectively. The main salt ion composition of open field soil is SO_4~ (2-) NO_3~-Ca~ (2), HCO_3~-, accounts for 29.0% and 14.1% of the total salt content, respectively. However, in the field of vegetable field in northwest China, the salt ion composition of soil was mainly HCO_3~-, followed by SO_4~ (2-). NO_3~- and Ca~ (2). [conclusion] although the percentage of soil samples of secondary salinization in protected vegetable fields is significantly higher than that in open vegetable fields, the salinity degree of soil is generally less, and the main salt ion is NO_3~-,. The contents of SO_4~ (2-) and Ca~ (2), NO_3~-,SO_4~ (2-) were higher than those of Ca~ (2). The main salt ions in open field are SO_4~ (2-), NO_3~-,Ca~ (2) and HCO_3~-, (SO_4~ (2-) NO_3~-Ca~ (2), HCO_3~-.).
【作者单位】：中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所农业部植物营养与肥料重点实验室;天津市农业资源与环境研究所;
【基金】：现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-25-C-11) 国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0201000) 公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201203095)资助
【分类号】：S153.6

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