膜下滴灌灌水量对土壤水热影响及地下水补给耗水响应

发布时间：2018-11-09 10:00

【摘要】：为探求灌水量对棉田地温和生育期地下水补给棉花耗水比例的影响,设置了4种不同膜下滴灌灌水量(3 000,3 750,4 500,5 250m~3/hm~2)进行野外均衡场试验研究。结果表明:灌水量一定时,浅层土壤受气温影响更为显著;同一气象条件下、同一土层地温和土壤有效积温均随灌水量的增加而降低,当灌水量增加75%时,有效积温降低11.3%,同时温度变幅也相对变小;灌水量越大,棉花耗水量及地下水补给作物水量也随之增大。当灌水量从3 000m~3/hm~2增加到5 250m~3/hm~2时,棉花的耗水量增加146.3%,地下水补给比例增加540%,而棉花需水敏感期地下水补给量则增加152.93mm,需水敏感期的地下水补给量最大,但日均地下水补给量随棉花生育期的延长而增大,且各处理的水分利用效率差异不大。此外,在地温较高的夏季高温期(花铃期和吐絮期)以及灌水量较小时,夜间地下水补给作物水量大于或接近白天补给量,说明地温影响地下水的向上补给水量和补给时段。此研究可为合理高效利用农业水资源和优化膜下滴灌棉花灌溉制度提供有效依据。
[Abstract]:In order to find out the effect of irrigation amount on the water consumption ratio of cotton recharge by groundwater during the period of cotton field and growth, four kinds of drip irrigation under different film (3 000 ~ 3 750 ~ 4 500 ~ 5 250m~3/hm~2) were set up to study the field equilibrium field experiment. The results showed that the effect of air temperature on the shallow soil was more significant when the irrigation amount was constant. Under the same meteorological condition, both the soil temperature and the soil effective accumulated temperature in the same soil layer decreased with the increase of irrigation amount. When the irrigation amount increased by 75%, the effective accumulated temperature decreased by 11.3%, and the temperature variation was relatively small. The larger the irrigation amount, the greater the cotton water consumption and groundwater recharge crop water. When the irrigation amount increased from 3 000m~3/hm~2 to 5 250mg / hm-2, the water consumption of cotton increased 146.3mm, the proportion of groundwater recharge increased by 540mm, and the groundwater supply increased 152.93mm during the sensitive period of cotton water demand. The groundwater recharge in sensitive period was the largest, but the daily groundwater supply increased with the extension of cotton growth period, and the water use efficiency of each treatment was not different. In addition, in the summer high temperature period (flowering boll stage and florescence stage) and the small irrigation amount, the amount of water recharge in night is greater than or close to the daytime supply, which indicates that the geothermal temperature affects the upward recharge water and the recharge period. This study can provide an effective basis for rational and efficient utilization of agricultural water resources and optimization of irrigation system of drip irrigation under film.
【作者单位】：西安理工大学西北旱区生态水利工程国家重点实验室培育基地;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(51379173) 陕西省教育厅重点实验室科研计划项目(16JS085)
【分类号】：S152;S275.6

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