机收对宿根甘蔗根际土壤微生物群落和酶活性的影响

发布时间：2018-11-13 14:36

【摘要】：本试验以桂糖40和柳城05136为供试材料,在广西南宁市宾阳县廖平农场进行甘蔗机械收获和甘蔗人工收获试验。在甘蔗生长的不同时期分别研究两个甘蔗品种机械收获对宿根蔗生长、甘蔗农艺和产量性状、土壤理化性状、根际土壤酶活性和根际微生物群落结构的影响。实验结果如下:一、不同品种甘蔗机械收获处理的碾压会导致蔗地土壤容重增大和土壤含水量减少,但随着甘蔗的生长和开垄松蔸,土壤容重和土壤含水量的差异越来越小。机械收获处理土壤中的速效氮含量下降,速效磷和速效钾的变化跟品种有一定的关系。机收处理降低了甘蔗宿根的发株数和分蘖数。两个品种机收处理的株高、茎径、蔗茎产量和蔗糖分没有明显差异。研究结果表明,进行试验的两个甘蔗品种机械收获和人工收获相比较对宿根蔗没有显著性影响。二、不同品种甘蔗的机械收获处理在一定程度上提高了根际土壤蔗糖酶活性,而降低了根际土壤脲酶活性。但随着甘蔗的生长和开垄松蔸,两个处理的土壤酶活性之间差异越来越小。三、Chao1指数和ACE指数表明,甘蔗机收处理能提高真菌物种丰富度,而不同品种细菌物种的丰富度在不同的时期表现不同。香农多样性指数表明,甘蔗机收处理能提高真菌多样性,而不同细菌物种多样性在不同的时期表现不同。高通量数据分析显示不同品种不同处理甘蔗在不同时期根际土壤微生物群落呈明显的动态变化,真菌群落在门分类水平上,Ascomycota、Unknown和Basidiomyccota为优势类群,机收处理降低了Ascomycota的丰度,而升高了Basidimycota的丰度。细菌群落以Proteobacteria和Acidobacteria为优势类群,在分蘖期,机收处理升高了Acidobacteria的丰度,而降低了Actinobacteria的丰度。成熟期,机收处理降低了 Proteobacteria的丰度。冗余分析表明主要真菌类群受土壤中pH和碱解氮的影响,但均未达到显著水平;速效磷、碱解氮是影响细菌群落结构的重要因子。
[Abstract]:Using Guitang 40 and Liucheng 05136 as experimental materials, the experiment of sugarcane mechanical harvesting and artificial harvesting of sugarcane was carried out at Liao Ping Farm, Binyang County, Nanning City, Guangxi. The effects of mechanical harvesting of two sugarcane varieties on the growth, agronomic and yield characters, physical and chemical properties of soil, enzyme activity of rhizosphere soil and the structure of rhizosphere microbial community were studied at different stages of sugarcane growth. The results are as follows: firstly, the soil bulk density and soil water content of sugarcane field increased and soil water content decreased by mechanical harvesting treatment of different varieties of sugarcane, but with the growth of sugarcane and ridge cutting, the difference of soil bulk density and soil water content was smaller and smaller. The content of available nitrogen in soil was decreased, and the changes of available phosphorus and potassium were related to the varieties. The number of shoots and tillers of sugarcane roots was decreased by mechanical harvesting. There was no significant difference in plant height, stem diameter, cane yield and sucrose content between the two varieties. The results showed that there was no significant difference between mechanical harvesting and artificial harvest on ratoon cane. Secondly, mechanical harvesting of different sugarcane varieties increased sucrase activity in rhizosphere soil to some extent, but decreased urease activity in rhizosphere soil. But with the growth of sugarcane and ridging, the difference of soil enzyme activity between the two treatments was smaller and smaller. Thirdly, Chao1 index and ACE index showed that bagasse harvesting could increase the species richness of fungi, but the species richness of different species of bacteria was different in different periods. Shannon diversity index showed that bagasse harvesting could increase the diversity of fungi, but the diversity of different bacterial species was different in different periods. High-throughput data analysis showed that the microbial communities of rhizosphere soil of sugarcane treated with different varieties and different treatments showed obvious dynamic changes at different stages. In the taxonomic level of fungi community, Ascomycota,Unknown and Basidiomyccota were the dominant groups, and the abundance of Ascomycota was decreased by mechanical harvesting. However, the abundance of Basidimycota was increased. Proteobacteria and Acidobacteria were the dominant groups in bacterial community. At tillering stage, the yield of Acidobacteria was increased and the abundance of Actinobacteria was decreased. At the mature stage, the Proteobacteria abundance was reduced by the mechanical harvesting treatment. Redundancy analysis showed that the main fungi groups were affected by pH and alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen in soil, but all of them did not reach the significant level, and available phosphorus and alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen were important factors affecting the structure of bacterial community.
【学位授予单位】：广西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S566.1;S154

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