不同土壤管理措施对坡耕地土壤氮磷养分流失的控制效应

发布时间：2018-11-14 19:39

【摘要】：为有效防治紫色丘陵区坡耕地水土流失和面源污染,采用径流小区定位观测法研究不同土壤管理措施下坡耕地产流产沙、养分流失及作物产量特征,进一步揭示生物炭、聚丙酰胺和玉米秸秆覆盖措施对紫色土坡耕地氮磷养分流失的控制效应。结果表明:(1)与背景值相比,土壤养分含量增幅表现为SM(玉米秸秆覆盖)PAM(聚丙酰胺)BC(生物炭),表明玉米秸秆覆盖措施改善土壤养分效果最优,其次为聚丙烯酰胺。(2)不同土壤管理措施控制地表产流产沙的效应均表现为SMPAMBC。BC、PAM、SM措施产流量分别减少0.00%~54.55%,0.00%~85.79%,0.00%~92.39%,产沙量分别减少2.67%~47.78%,5.87%~77.90%,11.47%~90.17%。在中、大雨条件下土壤管理措施减流减沙效应显著,而暴雨、大暴雨可削弱其减流减沙效益。(3)不同土壤管理措施控制氮素流失效应大小为SMPAMBC。与对照相比,在中、大雨条件下,全氮流失量降低16.24%~76.29%,水解氮流失量降低6.21%~81.93%;而在暴雨、大暴雨条件下,全氮流失量分别减少(-11.74%)~11.99%;水解氮流失量则分别降低(-9.87%)~17.39%。表明玉米秸秆覆盖措施控制氮素流失效果最佳。(4)不同土壤管理措施控制磷素流失的效应差异明显。在中、大雨条件下,BC、PAM和SM控制全磷流失效应显著(15%~81.44%),而在暴雨、大暴雨条件下其效应削弱((-6.68%)~10.98%);与对照相比,不同土壤管理措施对玉米籽粒增产效应为SM(29.43%)PAM(19.01%)BC(12.66%)。生物炭、聚丙酰胺和玉米秸秆覆盖措施均可有效控制坡耕地土壤养分流失,其中玉米秸秆覆盖措施控制效应最佳。
[Abstract]:In order to effectively control soil erosion and non-point source pollution of sloping farmland in purple hilly area, the runoff plot location observation method was used to study the characteristics of runoff and sediment production, nutrient loss and crop yield under different soil management measures, and to further reveal biochar. Effects of Poly (propionamide) and Corn Straw mulching on nitrogen and phosphorus loss in Slope farmland in Purple soil. The results showed that: (1) compared with the background value, the increase of soil nutrient content was SM () PAM (polyacrylamide) BC (biochar), which indicated that the effect of maize straw mulching on improving soil nutrient was the best. Secondly, polyacrylamide. (2) the effects of different soil management measures on controlling surface abortion and sediment yield were as follows: SMPAMBC.BC,PAM,SM measures reduced runoff by 0.0054.550.00% and 85.79%, respectively. The sand yield was reduced by 2.67, 47.78, and 5.87, with 77.90, 11.47 and 90.17, respectively. Under the condition of heavy rain, the effect of runoff and sediment reduction by soil management measures is significant, but by rainstorm, the benefit of runoff and sediment reduction can be weakened. (3) the effect of different soil management measures to control nitrogen loss is SMPAMBC.. Compared with the control, the total nitrogen loss decreased 16.2476.29 and the hydrolytic nitrogen loss decreased 6.21 ~ 81.93 under the conditions of moderate and heavy rain. The total nitrogen loss decreased (-11.74%) ~ 11.99%, and the hydrolyzed nitrogen loss decreased (-9.87%) ~ 17.39%. The results showed that maize straw mulching had the best effect on nitrogen loss. (4) the effects of different soil management measures on phosphorus loss were significantly different. Under the conditions of moderate and heavy rain, the effects of BC,PAM and SM on total phosphorus loss were significant (151.44%), but the effects were weakened (-6.68% ~ 10.98%) under heavy rain and heavy rain. Compared with the control, the effect of different soil management measures on maize grain yield was SM (29.43%) PAM (19.01%) BC (12.66%). Biochar, polyacrylamide and corn straw mulch can effectively control soil nutrient loss in sloping farmland, among which corn straw mulching has the best control effect.
【作者单位】：重庆市水利电力建筑勘测设计研究院;西南大学资源环境学院西南大学水土保持生态环境研究所;
【基金】：农业部公益性行业专项“坡耕地合理耕层构建技术指标研究”(201503119-01-01) 重庆市水利局科技项目“紫色丘陵区面源污染防治措施效应评价”(2012)
【分类号】：S157

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