有机肥对植烟土壤NPK转化及烤烟香气物质的影响

发布时间：2018-11-17 08:19

【摘要】：采用田间网袋取样的方式,在等氮量,有机氮占20%的条件下,研究牛粪、鸡粪、沼渣、秸秆等有机肥与化肥配施对植烟土壤NPK转化及烤烟香气物质的影响。结果表明:不同有机肥配施后土壤各形态氮素及脲酶活性明显提高,有机肥配施各处理优于单纯施用化肥处理,其中油枯、鸡粪和鸡粪秸秆表现突出。厩肥与秸秆混施有利于土壤全磷的分解矿化,其中鸡粪类和牛粪类处理效果要优于沼渣类处理,各处理间土壤有效磷变化差异性显著,现有的数据含量范围内土壤磷酸酶活性并未受到有效磷含量的拮抗作用,土壤有效磷含量仍有进一步提升的空间。各处理肥料施入土壤后,土壤各形态钾素含量明显提高,有机肥处理与化肥对照间差异明显,且同种肥料间,厩肥与厩肥秸秆混合处理间差异明显。各有机肥处理相对于纯化肥对照均提高了烤烟全氮和钾离子含量。除秸秆外各有机肥处理均起到了降低烤烟中烟碱含量的作用,有机肥处理的糖/烟碱比均在优质烟叶的糖/烟碱、氮/烟碱比范围内,处理间存在明显差异。处理均对烤烟叶片中总挥发性香气物质有较大程度的提高,牛粪、牛粪秸秆、鸡粪、鸡粪秸秆、沼渣、沼渣秸秆、秸秆、油枯处理增幅分别是407.62μg/g、310.13μg/g、304.90μg/g、231.17μg/g、260.47μg/g、241.62μg/g、75.77μg/g、345.32μg/g,且单一厩肥处理均高于同种类有机肥秸秆混施处理。各有机肥配施明显提高了烤烟中类胡萝卜素产物和西柏烷类降解产物含量,其中牛粪及牛粪秸秆处理表现较优。有机肥施用后,处理间土壤养分产生明显差异,对烟株养分供给的时间、数量、持久性产生了明显差异,最终导致不同处理间,烤烟化学成分,香气物质含量、比例产生了显著影响。牛粪、鸡粪、油枯处理供肥规律较适合烤烟生长的养分需求,在化学成分含量、比例及工业评吸效果方面表优异。
[Abstract]:Under the condition of equal nitrogen content and organic nitrogen accounting for 20%, the effects of organic manure, cow manure, chicken manure, biogas residue and straw on NPK transformation of tobacco soil and aroma substances of flue-cured tobacco were studied by using the method of net bag sampling in the field. The results showed that the nitrogen and urease activity of different organic fertilizers were significantly increased, and the combination of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer was better than that of chemical fertilizer alone, especially oil withered, chicken manure and chicken manure straw. The mixed application of manure and straw was beneficial to the decomposition and mineralization of soil total phosphorus, among which chicken manure and cow dung treatment were better than biogas treatment, and there were significant differences in the changes of soil available phosphorus among the treatments. Soil phosphatase activity was not antagonized by available phosphorus content in the range of available data, and there was still room for further improvement of soil available phosphorus content. After the fertilizer was applied into the soil, the content of potassium in all forms of soil increased obviously, the difference between organic fertilizer treatment and fertilizer control was obvious, and the difference between the same fertilizer and mixed treatment of manure and manure straw was obvious. The total nitrogen and potassium contents of flue-cured tobacco were increased by each organic fertilizer treatment compared with the pure chemical fertilizer control. All organic fertilizer treatments except straw played a role in reducing nicotine content in flue-cured tobacco. The sugar / nicotine ratio of organic fertilizer treatment was within the range of sugar / nicotine and nitrogen / nicotine ratio of high quality tobacco leaves, and there were significant differences between the treatments. The total volatile aroma substances in flue-cured tobacco leaves were increased to a great extent by treatment. The increase of cow manure straw, chicken manure straw, biogas residue straw and oil withered treatment were 407.62 渭 g / g, 310.13 渭 g / g, respectively. 304.90 渭 g / g, 231.17 渭 g / g, 260.47 渭 g / g, 241.62 渭 g / g, 75.77 渭 g / g, 345.32 渭 g / g, and the single manure treatment was higher than the mixed treatment of the same kind of organic manure straw. The content of carotenoid products and siparane degradation products in flue-cured tobacco was significantly increased by combined application of various organic fertilizers, among which cattle dung and cow manure straw treatments were better. After the application of organic fertilizer, there were obvious differences in soil nutrients between treatments, and there were significant differences in the time, quantity and persistence of nutrient supply among tobacco plants, which resulted in the chemical composition and aroma substance content of flue-cured tobacco among different treatments. The proportion has a significant effect. Cow manure, chicken dung and oil withered treatments were suitable for nutrient requirement of flue-cured tobacco growth, and had excellent chemical composition content, proportion and industrial evaluation effect.
【学位授予单位】：贵州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S572;S158

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