太行山石灰岩坡地水土及养分流失规律研究
发布时间：2018-11-22 09:13
【摘要】：河北太行山区位于河北省西部,山区裸露地表岩石古老,经受多次构造运动,岩层风化严重破碎,在暴雨的冲击下,山区泥石流频有发生。石灰岩区占到山区总面积的30.2%,多年来由于自然因素及人类活动干扰下,石灰岩区坡地水土流失情况日益加重。本试验采用室内人工模拟降雨装置,对在暴雨条件下石灰岩坡地(坡面施肥、不同作物及坡面覆盖度)水土和养分流失情况进行研究,为石灰岩山区坡耕地水土流失治理、小流域面源污染的控制和山区生态环境治理提供理论依据。主要结论如下:1.坡面施用不同肥料造成水土及养分流失规律呈现出较大差异。不同肥料坡面降雨产流时间规律呈现出:CK复合肥控释肥配施肥。在配施肥、复合肥和控释肥三个处理坡面上,产沙量表现的规律与产流量一致,配施肥坡面产沙量是复合肥的2.1倍,是控释肥的3.2倍。通过对三个处理坡面水土及养分流失规律分析发现,其大小顺序呈现出:配施肥复合肥控释肥。氮磷钾三种全效养分损失量呈现出钾素氮素磷素。在配施肥、复合肥和控释肥处理的坡面上,配施肥坡面铵态氮损失量比控释肥高出22.88g,配施肥硝态氮损失量比控释肥坡面高出50.59mg。通过对各处理泥沙中颗粒态养分的分析发现,配施肥、复合肥及控释肥坡面氮素、磷素流失主要以颗粒态和溶解态共存,钾素流失主要以颗粒态为主。2.不同作物坡面产沙产流情况存在差异,产流时间表现为CK花生地甘薯地。与对照相比,花生坡面减少了60%径流损失及68%泥沙损失,甘薯坡面减少了57%径流损失及91%泥沙损失。三个处理坡面养分流失量呈现出变化规律:CK花生甘薯。通过对坡面全效养分流失量的分析发现,坡面种植花生和甘薯都在一定程度上降低了养分流失程度,甘薯坡面氮、磷、钾损失量要低于花生坡面。与对照相比,花生坡面减少了75%氮损失、85%磷损失量及80%钾损失量;甘薯坡面有效减少了81%氮损失量、87%磷损失量及93%钾损失量。花生和甘薯坡面氮素流失主要以溶解态为主;花生坡面磷素流失主要以颗粒态为主,而甘薯坡面主要以溶解态为主;花生和甘薯坡面全钾主要为颗粒态为主,溶解态钾分别只占3.34%和10.51%。3.不同覆盖度坡面随着坡面覆盖度的增加,坡面产流产沙量随覆盖度的增加而减少,各坡面全效养分及铵态氮和硝态氮流失量与产沙产流量成正比关系。与对照相比,20%覆盖度泥沙量减少了43.91%,覆盖度增加到95%时,泥沙量减少了80.48%;20%覆盖度有效减少了23.40%径流量,95%覆盖度减少了60.92%径流量。与对照相比,95%覆盖度坡面有效减少了86%氮损失量、91%磷损失量及90%钾损失量。95%覆盖度坡面有效减少了86%氮损失量、91%磷损失量及90%钾损失量。坡面径流泥沙中各养分浓度随着覆盖度的增加而减小,植被覆盖增加了坡面粗糙度,溶质性质的不同和植被的类型都影响着溶质在土壤和径流中的迁移。4.通过对不同处理因素下坡面养分流失量变化进行方程拟合,结果证明采用三项式方程模拟石灰岩坡面土壤养分流失比较适宜。不同肥料的施用对坡面养分流失拟合方程的相关性影响较大,控释肥坡面各养分流失量的拟合系数相关性最好(R20.9)。
[Abstract]:The Taihang mountain area of Hebei Province is located in the western part of Hebei Province. The exposed surface in the mountainous area is old and is subjected to many tectonic movements. The rock formation is severely broken, and the debris flow frequency in the mountain area will take place under the impact of the heavy rain. The limestone area accounts for 30.2% of the total area of the mountain area, and the soil and water loss in the limestone area is becoming more and more serious due to natural factors and human activities for many years. in that experiment, the indoor artificial simulated rainfall device is adopt to study the soil and soil and nutrient loss in the limestone slope (slope surface fertilization, different crop and slope surface coverage) under the heavy rainfall condition, and is a treatment of soil and water loss in the slope farmland in the limestone mountain area, The control of surface source pollution in small watershed and the theoretical basis for ecological environmental management in mountain areas. The main conclusions are as follows: 1. The application of different fertilizers on the slope surface results in a large difference in soil and water and nutrient loss. The time rule of rainfall runoff in the slope of different fertilizer is as follows: the controlled-release fertilizer of the CK compound fertilizer is used for fertilization. in that three treatment slope surface of the compound fertilizer, the compound fertilizer and the controlled-release fertilizer, the law of the performance of the sediment yield is consistent with the production flow, and the sediment concentration in the distribution and fertilization slope is 2.2 times that of the compound fertilizer, and is 3.2 times of that of the controlled-release fertilizer. Through the analysis of water and soil and nutrient loss in the three treatment slopes, the order of the size of the fertilizer was as follows: the controlled-release fertilizer with the compound fertilizer. The total amount of N, P, K, N, P, K, N, P, K, N, P, N, N, P, N, N, P and K, respectively, showed that the total amount of The amount of nitrogen loss on the surface of the mixed fertilizer, the compound fertilizer and the controlled-release fertilizer is 22.88g higher than that of the controlled-release fertilizer, and the amount of the nitrogen loss of the mixed fertilizer is 50. 59mg higher than that of the controlled-release fertilizer. It was found that the loss of N and P in the mixed fertilizer, the compound fertilizer and the controlled-release fertilizer were mainly in the particle state and the dissolved state, and the loss of the potassium was mainly in the granular state. There was a difference in the yield of the sand-producing flow in the slope of different crops, and the runoff time was shown as the sweet potato field of CK and peanut. Compared with the control, the peanut slope surface reduced 60% runoff loss and 68% sediment loss, and the sweet potato slope surface reduced 57% runoff loss and 91% sediment loss. The change of the nutrient loss on the three treatment slope surfaces is as follows: CK peanut sweet potato. Through the analysis of the total-effect nutrient loss on the slope surface, it was found that the planting of the peanut and the sweet potato in the slope surface reduced the nutrient loss to a certain extent, and the loss of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the sweet potato slope was lower than that of the peanut slope. Compared with the control, the peanut slope surface reduced the loss of 75% nitrogen, the loss of 85% phosphorus and the loss of 80% potassium; the sweet potato slope surface effectively reduced the amount of 81% nitrogen loss, the loss of 87% phosphorus and the loss of 93% potassium. The loss of nitrogen in the slope of peanut and sweet potato is mainly in the dissolved state. The loss of the phosphorus in the slope of the peanut is mainly in the granular state, while the slope of the sweet potato is mainly in the dissolved state. The whole potassium in the slope of the peanut and the sweet potato is mainly the granular state, and the dissolved potassium is only 3. 34% and 10.51%. With the increase of the coverage of the slope, the runoff yield of the slope surface decreases with the increase of the coverage, and the full-effect nutrient of each slope surface and the amount of the nitrogen and the nitrogen in the nitrite form are in direct proportion to the flow rate of the sand production. Compared with the control, the 20% of the coverage of the sediment is reduced by 43. 91%, the coverage is increased to 95%, the amount of sediment is reduced by 80. 48%, the 20% coverage is effectively reduced by 23. 40% of the runoff, and the 95% coverage is reduced by 60. 92% of the runoff. In contrast to the control, the 95% coverage slope effectively reduced the amount of 86% nitrogen loss, 91% phosphorus loss and 90% potassium loss. The 95% coverage slope effectively reduced 86% nitrogen loss, 91% phosphorus loss and 90% potassium loss. The concentration of each nutrient in the runoff and sediment of the slope is reduced with the increase of the coverage, the vegetation cover increases the surface roughness, and the difference of the nature of the solute and the type of the vegetation affect the migration of the solute in the soil and the runoff. The results show that the three-binomial equation is suitable for simulating the loss of soil nutrients in the limestone slope. The relationship between the application of different fertilizers on the soil nutrient loss fitting equation and the correlation of the fit coefficient of each nutrient loss on the controlled-release fertilizer slope is the best (R20.9).
【学位授予单位】：河北农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S157.1
本文编号：2348824
[Abstract]:The Taihang mountain area of Hebei Province is located in the western part of Hebei Province. The exposed surface in the mountainous area is old and is subjected to many tectonic movements. The rock formation is severely broken, and the debris flow frequency in the mountain area will take place under the impact of the heavy rain. The limestone area accounts for 30.2% of the total area of the mountain area, and the soil and water loss in the limestone area is becoming more and more serious due to natural factors and human activities for many years. in that experiment, the indoor artificial simulated rainfall device is adopt to study the soil and soil and nutrient loss in the limestone slope (slope surface fertilization, different crop and slope surface coverage) under the heavy rainfall condition, and is a treatment of soil and water loss in the slope farmland in the limestone mountain area, The control of surface source pollution in small watershed and the theoretical basis for ecological environmental management in mountain areas. The main conclusions are as follows: 1. The application of different fertilizers on the slope surface results in a large difference in soil and water and nutrient loss. The time rule of rainfall runoff in the slope of different fertilizer is as follows: the controlled-release fertilizer of the CK compound fertilizer is used for fertilization. in that three treatment slope surface of the compound fertilizer, the compound fertilizer and the controlled-release fertilizer, the law of the performance of the sediment yield is consistent with the production flow, and the sediment concentration in the distribution and fertilization slope is 2.2 times that of the compound fertilizer, and is 3.2 times of that of the controlled-release fertilizer. Through the analysis of water and soil and nutrient loss in the three treatment slopes, the order of the size of the fertilizer was as follows: the controlled-release fertilizer with the compound fertilizer. The total amount of N, P, K, N, P, K, N, P, K, N, P, N, N, P, N, N, P and K, respectively, showed that the total amount of The amount of nitrogen loss on the surface of the mixed fertilizer, the compound fertilizer and the controlled-release fertilizer is 22.88g higher than that of the controlled-release fertilizer, and the amount of the nitrogen loss of the mixed fertilizer is 50. 59mg higher than that of the controlled-release fertilizer. It was found that the loss of N and P in the mixed fertilizer, the compound fertilizer and the controlled-release fertilizer were mainly in the particle state and the dissolved state, and the loss of the potassium was mainly in the granular state. There was a difference in the yield of the sand-producing flow in the slope of different crops, and the runoff time was shown as the sweet potato field of CK and peanut. Compared with the control, the peanut slope surface reduced 60% runoff loss and 68% sediment loss, and the sweet potato slope surface reduced 57% runoff loss and 91% sediment loss. The change of the nutrient loss on the three treatment slope surfaces is as follows: CK peanut sweet potato. Through the analysis of the total-effect nutrient loss on the slope surface, it was found that the planting of the peanut and the sweet potato in the slope surface reduced the nutrient loss to a certain extent, and the loss of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the sweet potato slope was lower than that of the peanut slope. Compared with the control, the peanut slope surface reduced the loss of 75% nitrogen, the loss of 85% phosphorus and the loss of 80% potassium; the sweet potato slope surface effectively reduced the amount of 81% nitrogen loss, the loss of 87% phosphorus and the loss of 93% potassium. The loss of nitrogen in the slope of peanut and sweet potato is mainly in the dissolved state. The loss of the phosphorus in the slope of the peanut is mainly in the granular state, while the slope of the sweet potato is mainly in the dissolved state. The whole potassium in the slope of the peanut and the sweet potato is mainly the granular state, and the dissolved potassium is only 3. 34% and 10.51%. With the increase of the coverage of the slope, the runoff yield of the slope surface decreases with the increase of the coverage, and the full-effect nutrient of each slope surface and the amount of the nitrogen and the nitrogen in the nitrite form are in direct proportion to the flow rate of the sand production. Compared with the control, the 20% of the coverage of the sediment is reduced by 43. 91%, the coverage is increased to 95%, the amount of sediment is reduced by 80. 48%, the 20% coverage is effectively reduced by 23. 40% of the runoff, and the 95% coverage is reduced by 60. 92% of the runoff. In contrast to the control, the 95% coverage slope effectively reduced the amount of 86% nitrogen loss, 91% phosphorus loss and 90% potassium loss. The 95% coverage slope effectively reduced 86% nitrogen loss, 91% phosphorus loss and 90% potassium loss. The concentration of each nutrient in the runoff and sediment of the slope is reduced with the increase of the coverage, the vegetation cover increases the surface roughness, and the difference of the nature of the solute and the type of the vegetation affect the migration of the solute in the soil and the runoff. The results show that the three-binomial equation is suitable for simulating the loss of soil nutrients in the limestone slope. The relationship between the application of different fertilizers on the soil nutrient loss fitting equation and the correlation of the fit coefficient of each nutrient loss on the controlled-release fertilizer slope is the best (R20.9).
【学位授予单位】：河北农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S157.1
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前1条
1 弓运泽;周大迈;任士魁;;太行山石灰岩区主要植被群落特征研究(英文)[J];Agricultural Science & Technology;2011年12期
，本文编号：2348824
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