砾石覆盖固沙措施水土保持作用研究——以库布齐沙漠北缘为例

发布时间：2018-11-23 19:46

【摘要】：库布齐沙漠发展沙产业,风沙防护是必要举措。通过风洞试验与野外观测探讨了砾石覆盖固沙措施的风沙防护效益及其对土壤温湿度的影响,旨在为砾石覆盖在库布齐沙漠防风固沙中的应用提供科学依据。研究表明:3cm粒径砾石床面具有显著的防风固沙效应:10~16m/s试验风速下,10%~90%覆盖度砾石床面风蚀防护效应介于49.4%~100%,其中,50%覆盖度砾石床面空气动力学粗糙度达到最大值,风蚀防护效应在96%以上,已达到理想的防风固沙效果。鉴于库布齐沙漠风况特征,从工程防护角度讲,40%覆盖度砾石覆盖固沙措施能够达到防风蚀的目的,风蚀防护效应在93%以上,且能起到白天降温、夜间保温的作用,减少极端气温对作物的伤害,还能提高土壤含水量。本研究可为砾石覆盖固沙措施在干旱区风蚀防护中的应用提供借鉴作用。
[Abstract]:Development of sand industry in Kubuqi desert, sand protection is a necessary measure. Through wind tunnel test and field observation, the effect of gravel covering and sand fixation measures on soil temperature and humidity is discussed. The purpose of this paper is to provide scientific basis for the application of gravel covering in wind and sand fixation in Kubuqi desert. The results show that the 3cm particle size gravel bed mask has significant wind and sand fixation effect: under the wind speed of 10~16m/s test, the wind erosion protection effect of the gravel bed surface with 10% coverage is between 49.4% and 100%, and the wind erosion protection effect of the gravel bed surface is between 49.4% and 100% under the wind speed of 10~16m/s test. The aerodynamics roughness of gravel bed with 50% coverage reached the maximum value and the effect of wind erosion protection was above 96%, which had reached the ideal effect of wind and sand fixation. In view of the characteristics of wind conditions in Kubuqi Desert, from the point of view of engineering protection, 40% gravel coverage and sand fixation measures can achieve the purpose of preventing wind erosion, and the effect of wind erosion protection is more than 93%, and it can play the role of cooling during the day and keeping heat at night. Reducing the damage to crops caused by extreme temperatures can also increase soil moisture content. This study can be used for reference in the application of gravel covering and sand fixation measures in the protection of wind erosion in arid areas.
【作者单位】：中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院敦煌戈壁荒漠研究站;亿利资源集团;
【基金】：国家科技支撑计划项目(2015BAC06B01-02) 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院青年人才成长资助基金(51Y651K41)
【分类号】：S157

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