保定市山区耕地土壤养分空间变异及其影响因素研究

发布时间：2018-11-24 08:10

【摘要】：随着人口的快速增长、城市化的加速、工业化的扩张、农业结构的调整及退耕还林等因素的影响,使得我国耕地严重流失、耕地资源逐年减少,对我国社会经济的发展和自然生态环境造成了严重的影响。土壤养分对植被的生长繁衍有很大的影响,且其形态和丰缺程度直接决定土壤的肥力状况。我国是个多山的国家,山区面积约占全国土地总面积的67%,因此研究山区耕地土壤养分空间变异对我国农业发展有着非常重要的意义。为了摸清现阶段山区土壤养分含量水平、分布特征,科学的认识山区土壤资源,提高山区农业生产、实现山区农业可持续发展,实现科学施肥,因此本文对山区土壤养分空间变异及其影响因素进行了研究。本研究以太行山区保定市的山区县为研究对象,采集了耕层为0~20cm的土壤样品4749个,为了研究山区土壤看空间变异特征,以便今后山区土壤养分的管理。研究采用了GIS和地统计学相结合的方法,选用6种空间插值方法,即直接用土壤养分含量值插值的普通克里格法、与地貌信息相结合的克里格方法、与地类信息相结合的克里格方法、与土壤方面信息相结合的克里格方法、地类—土壤信息结合的克里格方法以及地貌—土壤信息的克里格法,对该市山区土壤有机质(SOM)和速效养分(N、P、K)含量的空间分布特征进行了分析。在此基础上又对山区土壤养分(有机质、速效N、P、K)的环境影响因素进行了分析,并制作了山区土壤有机质、水解性氮、有效磷、速效钾四种养分的空间分布图。主要研究结果如下:1.研究区内土壤有机质、水解性氮、有效磷、速效钾的平均值分别为17.22 g/kg、79.02 mg/kg、23.21 mg/kg、106.42 mg/kg,有机质和有效磷含量整体较低,水解性氮和速效钾含量整体上属于中等和高等水平。土壤有机质、水解性氮、有效磷、速效钾的变异系数分别为33.97%、36.95%、92.36%、46.34%,属于中等变异。2.利用了Arc GIS10.0软件中的地统计分析模块,采用6种克里格空间插值方法研究表明:土壤有机质最优的插值方法为KDLTR,其次为KDMTR方法;土壤水解性氮的最优空间插值方法应为KDMTR法,其次为KDLTR法;土壤有效磷的最优空间插值方法应为KDLTR法,其次为KTR法;土壤速效钾的最优空间插值方法为KDLTR法,其次为KTR法。3.通过图件的对比及相关数据的分析得出:土壤母质与有机质、水解性氮、速效钾和有效磷均相关,相关系数分别为0.31、0.25、0.28、0.19;海拔与有机质、水解性氮及有效磷均相关,相关系数分别为0.22、0.39、0.31;有效积温与有机质相关且相关系数为0.31;多年平均降雨量与有机质、水解性氮均相关,相关系数分别为0.55、0.36;距村距离与有机质、水解性氮及速效钾均相关,相关系数分别为0.32、0.27、0.39。土壤母质、海拔、多年平均降雨量及距村距离这些因素均影响山区土壤养分的空间变异,其主次因素有待进一步研究分析。
[Abstract]:With the rapid growth of population, the acceleration of urbanization, the expansion of industrialization, the adjustment of agricultural structure and the influence of factors such as returning farmland to forest, the cultivated land in China has been seriously lost, and the cultivated land resources have been reduced year by year. To our country social economy development and the natural ecological environment has caused the serious influence. Soil nutrients have great influence on the growth and reproduction of vegetation, and their morphology and abundance directly determine the fertility of the soil. China is a mountainous country, the mountainous area accounts for about 67% of the total land area, so it is very important to study the spatial variation of soil nutrients in mountainous areas for the development of agriculture in China. In order to find out the level and distribution of soil nutrients in mountain areas at present, to understand soil resources scientifically, to improve agricultural production in mountainous areas, to realize sustainable development of agriculture in mountainous areas, and to realize scientific fertilization. Therefore, the spatial variation of soil nutrients and its influencing factors were studied in this paper. In this study, 4 749 soil samples were collected from Baoding County, Taihang Mountain area. In order to study the spatial variation characteristics of soil in mountainous area, the management of soil nutrient in mountain area in the future was studied. In this study, GIS and geostatistics were used, and six spatial interpolation methods were used, that is, the ordinary Kriging method which directly interpolated soil nutrient content, and the Kriging method combined with geomorphological information. Kriging method combined with ground information, Kriging method combined with soil information, kriging method combined with soil information and kriging method of geomorphology and soil information, The spatial distribution characteristics of soil organic matter (SOM) and available nutrients (Nu Pu K) in the mountainous area of the city were analyzed. On the basis of this, the environmental influence factors of soil nutrients (organic matter, available N + Pu K) in mountain area were analyzed, and the spatial distribution maps of organic matter, hydrolytic nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in mountain soil were made. The main results are as follows: 1. The average values of soil organic matter, hydrolytic nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium were 17.22 g / kg ~ (-1) 路kg ~ (2) ~ (2) mg/kg,23.21 mg/kg,106.42 mg/kg, and (79.02) mg/kg,23.21 mg/kg,106.42 mg/kg, respectively. The contents of hydrolytic nitrogen and available potassium belong to medium and high level. The coefficient of variation of soil organic matter, hydrolytic nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium were 33.97 ~ 36.95 and 92.36%, respectively. By using the geostatistical analysis module of Arc GIS10.0 software, six Kriging space interpolation methods were used to study the soil organic matter. The results showed that the best interpolation method for soil organic matter was KDLTR, method, followed by KDMTR method. The optimal spatial interpolation method for soil hydrolytic nitrogen is KDMTR method, followed by KDLTR method, KDLTR method and KTR method for soil available phosphorus, and KDLTR method and KTR method for soil available potassium. The correlation coefficient of soil parent material with organic matter, hydrolytic nitrogen, available potassium and available phosphorus was 0.31 ~ 0.25 ~ 0.28 ~ 0.19, respectively. The correlation coefficient between altitude and organic matter, hydrolytic nitrogen and available phosphorus was 0.220.39 and 0.31, respectively, and the correlation coefficient between effective accumulated temperature and organic matter was 0.31. The average annual rainfall was correlated with organic matter and hydrolytic nitrogen, and the correlation coefficient was 0.550.36.The distance from village was correlated with organic matter, hydrolytic nitrogen and available potassium, and the correlation coefficient was 0.32n0.270.39. Soil parent material, elevation, annual average rainfall and distance from village all affect the spatial variation of soil nutrients in mountain areas, and the main and secondary factors need to be further studied and analyzed.
【学位授予单位】：河北农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S158

【共引文献】