煤矸石充填不同复垦年限土壤细菌群落结构及其酶活性

发布时间：2018-11-24 13:35

【摘要】：基于徐州市3块煤矸石充填复垦地(复垦时间分别为2015、2010和2001年)的土壤样本,采用Illumina PE250测序方法测定微生物群落组分,以未受采煤塌陷影响区的土壤样本为对照地,对比分析充填复垦区细菌群落的垂直结构及其时间变化.结果表明:(1)与对照地相比,复垦土壤在各个分类水平的细菌种类数量减少,群落多样性降低.随着复垦年限的增加,复垦地与对照地的贴近度越高.(2)厚壁菌门、变形菌门是复垦土壤中门水平的优势菌,厚壁菌门在复垦土壤中优势地位上升,有从20~40cm土层向0~20cm土层转移的趋势.(3)芽孢杆菌纲在纲水平占绝对优势,在复垦土壤0~20cm土层中的数量多于对照土壤,在复垦土壤20~40cm土层的数量随年限增加而减少.(4)乳杆菌目、芽孢杆菌目在目水平是优势菌,除硫单胞菌目对重金属污染修复有重要作用,然而在复垦土壤的0~20cm土层中的数量比正常农田土壤少74.81%~99.59%.(5)芽孢杆菌科、肠球菌科、链球菌科是科水平的优势菌,芽孢杆菌属、肠球菌属、乳球菌属是属水平的优势菌,芽孢杆菌属-JH7、屎肠球菌、乳球菌属-piscium是种水平的优势菌,3大类在复垦土壤中的数量比例大于正常农田,且在0~20cm土层中的差别更明显,在复垦土壤的20~40cm土层的数量随年限增加而减少.(6)脱氢酶活性与厚壁菌门下的多种细菌的数量呈显著负相关,与放线菌门的数量呈显著正相关,与γ-变形菌纲的数量呈极显著正相关.随着复垦年限的增加,土壤优势菌群的类型没有变化,但是数量结构在变化.厚壁菌门在缺水和极端环境下适合生长,变形菌门有助于土壤氮素以及能量的循环.采用微生物修复技术,调整土壤细菌群落结构,可以改善土壤质量,缩短土壤恢复年限.
[Abstract]:Based on the soil samples of three coal gangue filling and reclaimed land in Xuzhou city (reclamation time was 2015 ~ 2010 and 2001 respectively), the microbial community components were determined by Illumina PE250 sequencing method, and the soil samples from areas not affected by coal mining were used as control. The vertical structure and time variation of bacterial community in filling and reclamation area were analyzed. The results showed that: (1) compared with the control land, the number of bacterial species in the reclaimed soil decreased and the diversity of the community decreased at each taxonomic level. With the increase of reclamation years, the closeness between reclaimed land and control land increased. (2) phylum pachymatidis and phylum Proteus were the dominant bacteria in the level of phylum in reclaimed soil, and the dominant position of phylum platyphylum in reclaimed soil increased. There is a tendency to transfer from 20~40cm soil layer to 0~20cm soil layer. (3) Bacillus is dominant in class level, and the number of 0~20cm soil in reclaimed soil is more than that in control soil. The number of 20~40cm soil layer in reclaimed soil decreased with the increase of years. (4) Lactobacillus and Bacillus are the dominant bacteria at the order of order, and the order of Thiomonas plays an important role in the remediation of heavy metal pollution. However, the amount of 0~20cm in the soil layer of reclaimed soil was 74.81 and 99.59 less than that in normal farmland soil. (5) Bacillus, Enterococcaceae, Streptococcus were the dominant bacteria in the family, Bacillus and Enterococcus were the dominant bacteria at the family level. Lactococcus is the dominant bacteria in genus level, Bacillus is Enterococcus faecium of JH7, and piscium is dominant in species level. The proportion of three kinds of bacteria in reclaimed soil is larger than that in normal farmland, and the difference is more obvious in 0~20cm soil layer. The number of 20~40cm soil layer in reclaimed soil decreased with the increase of years. (6) dehydrogenase activity was negatively correlated with the number of many bacteria in the subphylum of Mycobacterium thuringiensis, and positively correlated with the number of actinomycetes. There was a significant positive correlation with the number of 纬-Proteus. With the increase of reclamation years, the type of soil dominant flora did not change, but the quantity structure changed. The phylum is suitable for growth under water stress and extreme conditions. The phylum is helpful to the circulation of nitrogen and energy in soil. Using microbial remediation technology to adjust soil bacterial community structure can improve soil quality and shorten soil restoration time.
【作者单位】：中国矿业大学环境与测绘学院;
【基金】：国家自然基金资助项目(51474217) 中国矿业大学大学生创新训练项目(201610290044)
【分类号】：S154

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