减量施肥条件下腐植酸保水剂对玉米产量及白浆土养分含量的影响

发布时间：2018-11-25 08:23

【摘要】：为了揭示腐植酸保水剂(WA)在减量施肥下的应用效果,以不施肥(CK)为空白对照,设置全量施肥(Tf)、减少氮肥20%(Df-N 20%)、减少磷肥20%(Df-P 20%)、减少钾肥20%(Df-K20%)以及在此基础上配施WA(Tf-WA、Df-N 20%-WA、Df-P 20%-WA、Df-K 20%-WA),探究减量施肥条件下WA对玉米产量及白浆土养分含量的影响。结果表明:各施肥处理的玉米出苗率,灌浆期展开叶片数、株高、单叶叶面积,穗粒数及产量均较CK显著增加。Df-N20%、Df-K 20%处理添加WA后使玉米产量分别显著提高9.4%、13.4%;在Tf、Df-P 20%处理条件下配施WA则使产量显著降低。Df-P 20%、Df-P 20%-WA处理玉米收获期的土壤p H值较拔节期分别显著降低3.7%、3.1%,加剧了白浆土的酸化进程;与拔节期相比,玉米收获期Df-K20%、Tf-WA、Df-P 20%-WA、Df-K 20%-WA处理白浆土有机质含量分别显著提高2.5%、2.1%、6.3%、4.4%,其余处理均不利于有机质成分的积累,其中Df-N 20%-WA处理对有机质的消耗程度最大,使其降低28.3%;与拔节期相比,玉米收获期除CK白浆土全氮含量保持稳定外,其余处理全氮含量均不同程度地降低,从降幅来看,Tf、Df-K 20%处理配施WA能够缓解全氮含量的下降趋势,而Df-N 20%、Df-P 20%处理添加WA则增加其对全氮的利用;在各施肥基础上配施WA对白浆土碱解氮含量没有规律性影响,但Df-K 20%-WA处理能够在一定程度上缓解碱解氮的下降趋势、提高白浆土的有效磷含量,而Df-K 20%处理能够有效促进白浆土碱解氮的累积;除玉米灌浆期外,其余4个时期,添加WA的处理白浆土有效磷含量均较未施WA处理显著提升;添加WA的各施肥处理均有利于玉米成熟期和收获期白浆土速效钾的消耗。综上,以减少氮肥20%或减少钾肥20%为前提,施用WA可增加玉米产量,前者不利于白浆土有机质积累;无论是否配施WA,减少磷肥20%均可加速土壤酸化进程;施肥能有效促进白浆土全氮的消耗,但对碱解氮含量未见规律性影响。
[Abstract]:In order to reveal the application effect of humic acid water-retaining agent (WA) under reduced fertilization, the total amount of (Tf), fertilizer was applied to reduce N fertilizer by 20% (Df-N 20%) and phosphorus fertilizer by 20% (Df-P 20%). Reduce potassium fertilizer by 20% (Df-K20%) and add WA to it (Tf-WA,Df-N 20-WA-Df-P20-WA-Df-K 20%-WA), To explore the effect of WA on maize yield and soil nutrient content under reduced fertilization. The results showed that the emergence rate of maize, the number of leaves at grain filling stage, plant height, leaf area per leaf, grain number per ear and yield of maize treated with different fertilization treatments were significantly higher than those of CK. The corn yield was increased significantly by adding WA to 20% Df-K treatment, and the corn yield was significantly increased by 9.4% and 13.4%, respectively. Under the condition of 20% Tf,Df-P, the yield of maize was significantly decreased by applying WA. The soil pH value of Df-P 20 + Df-P 20%-WA treatment was significantly lower than that of jointing stage, and the soil pH value of Df-P 20 + Df-P 20%-WA treatment was significantly lower than that of jointing stage, and the soil pH value was significantly lower than that of jointing stage. The acidification process of alpine soil is aggravated; Compared with jointing stage, the content of organic matter in aluminous soil treated with Df-K20%,Tf-WA,Df-P 20 and -WAF K 20%-WA at harvest stage was significantly higher than that at jointing stage. The other treatments were not conducive to the accumulation of organic matter components, among which the Df-N 20%-WA treatment had the largest consumption of organic matter, which reduced the content of organic matter by 28.3%. Compared with the jointing stage, the total nitrogen content of the other treatments decreased in varying degrees, except that the total nitrogen content in the CK clay soil remained stable at harvest stage. From the point of view of the decrease, the decreasing trend of the total nitrogen content could be alleviated in the 20% Tf,Df-K treatment combined with the application of WA. The addition of Df-N 20% Df-P 20% increased the utilization of total nitrogen. On the basis of different fertilization, the application of WA had no regular effect on the content of alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen, but the treatment of Df-K 20%-WA could alleviate the decreasing trend of alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen to some extent and increase the content of available phosphorus in alpine soil. However, 20% Df-K treatment could effectively promote the accumulation of alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen in aluminous soil. With the exception of corn filling stage, the available phosphorus content of white soil treated with WA was significantly higher than that of no WA treatment, and the available potassium consumption of clay soil with adding WA was beneficial to the consumption of available potassium in the mature and harvest period of maize. On the premise of reducing nitrogen fertilizer by 20% or potassium fertilizer by 20%, the application of WA can increase maize yield, the former is not conducive to the accumulation of organic matter in albic soil, and the process of soil acidification can be accelerated whether or not the application of WA, reduces 20% of phosphate fertilizer. Fertilization could promote the consumption of total nitrogen, but had no regular effect on the content of alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen.
【作者单位】：吉林农业科技学院农学院;吉林省润禾滩地农业开发有限公司;
【基金】：吉林农业科技学院青年基金项目(吉农院合字[2014]第207号,吉农院合字[2015]第206号);吉林农业科技学院重点学科培育项目(吉农院合字[2015]第X006号,吉农院合字[2015]第X009号) 国家自然科学基金项目(41401251)
【分类号】：S158;S513

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