基于元素地球化学的吉林黑土区土地健康评价
发布时间：2018-11-25 22:49
【摘要】：土地是孕育生命的基本要素，健康的土地才能孕育健康的生命。在社会发展过程中，为追求经济目标，人们对土地的掠夺式开发已对土地健康状况造成影响。保持土地的健康状态，对土地资源的可持续利用有着至关重要的作用。吉林黑土区是我国的粮食主产区，其土地健康状况对保障我国的粮食安全也起着不可或缺的作用。 本文在借鉴相关理论研究成果的基础上，以吉林黑土区土地为研究对象，对其土地健康状况进行评价。首先，对土地健康概念、土地健康相关研究方法进行详细阐述。研究区共采集样品62件，其中榆树-松原15件，公主岭-梨树27件，九台-德惠20件。根据样品分析测试的结果，对研究区内表层土壤中的营养元素、重金属元素及农作物中营养元素、重金属元素的地球化学特征进行分析。基于元素地球化学特征，确定土壤pH、速效钾、交换性钙、交换性镁及微量元素为参评指标，采用综合指数法对研究区土地肥力状况进行了评价；以As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Ni、Zn六种重金属元素为参评指标，依据《土地环境质量标准》和《绿色食品产地环境质量状况评价纲要》，采用内梅罗综合污染指数法，对研究区土地环境质量进行了评价；以农作物中As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Ni、Zn六种重金属元素为参评指标，根据《中华人民共和国农业行业标准NY861-2004》，采用内梅罗综合污染指数法，对农作物安全状况进行了评价。根据上述评价结果，从土地肥力、土地环境质量、农作物重金属污染三方面构建了黑土区土地健康评价指标体系，，选取了土壤pH值、有效B、有效Zn、有效Mo、有效As、有效Cd、有效Cr、有效Cu、有效Ni、玉米籽实中Ni的含量等10个指标，采用模糊综合评价法对吉林黑土区土地健康状况进行了评价。论文得到以下主要结论： （1）通过土地肥力评价，可知研究区肥力状况为榆树-松原地区＞公主岭-梨树地区＞九台-德惠地区。研究区土地肥力状况受微量元素的限制，其中有效态B与有效态Mo为土地肥力主要限制性因素。造成九台-德惠地区相对公主岭-梨树地区、榆树-松原地区土地肥力较低的原因为该区有效态Zn含量偏低。 （2）通过土地环境质量评价，可知研究区土地环境质量有已受人为活动影响，重金属元素近年来有增加的趋势。但人为活动并未影响土地环境质量，研究区土地环境质量非常好，处于Ⅰ级水平。 （3）通过农作物重金属污染评价，可知玉米籽实中重金属元素含量全部在限量范围内，玉米籽实未受重金属元素污染。 （4）通过土地健康评价，可知公主岭-梨树、九台-德惠、榆树-松原三个地区的土地健康状况都处于健康水平，健康水平还有提升空间。健康水平由高到低依次为九台-德惠、榆树-松原、公主岭-梨树。
[Abstract]:Land is the basic element of life, healthy land can breed healthy life. In the process of social development, in order to pursue economic goals, land predatory development has had an impact on land health. Maintaining the healthy state of land plays an important role in the sustainable utilization of land resources. Jilin Black soil region is the main grain producing area of our country, and its land health condition also plays an indispensable role in ensuring the food security of our country. Based on the relevant theoretical research results, this paper evaluates the land health status in the Black soil region of Jilin Province. First of all, the concept of land health, land health related research methods are described in detail. A total of 62 samples were collected in the study area, of which 15 were from Yushu to Songyuan, 27 from Gongzhuling-pear, and 20 from Jiutai to Dehui. Based on the results of sample analysis, the geochemical characteristics of nutrient elements, heavy metal elements, nutrient elements in crops and heavy metal elements in the surface soil in the study area were analyzed. Based on the geochemical characteristics of elements, soil available potassium (pH,), exchangeable calcium, exchangeable magnesium and trace elements were determined as evaluation indexes, and the soil fertility in the study area was evaluated by comprehensive index method. Taking six heavy metal elements of As,Cd,Cr,Cu,Ni,Zn as the evaluation index, according to the standard of land environmental quality and the outline of environmental quality evaluation of green food producing area, the comprehensive pollution index method of Nemero was used. The quality of land environment in the study area was evaluated. Taking six heavy metal elements of As,Cd,Cr,Cu,Ni,Zn in crops as the evaluation index, according to the agricultural industry standard NY861-2004 of the people's Republic of China, the comprehensive pollution index method of Nemero was used to evaluate the safety of crops. According to the above evaluation results, the evaluation index system of land health in black soil area was constructed from three aspects: soil fertility, land environmental quality and crop heavy metal pollution. Soil pH value, effective B value, effective Zn, effective Mo, effective As, were selected. Effective Cd, effective Cr, effective Cu, effective Ni, maize seed content and other 10 indexes, fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method was used to evaluate the land health status in Jilin black soil area. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) according to the evaluation of land fertility, the fertility status of the study area is Yushu-Songyuan area > Gongzhuling-Lish area > Jiutai-Dehui area. The soil fertility in the study area was restricted by trace elements, among which available form B and available Mo were the main limiting factors of land fertility. Compared with Gongzhuling-Lish area, the reason of low soil fertility in Jiutai-Dehui area is the low content of available Zn in this area. (2) through the evaluation of land environmental quality, it can be seen that the land environmental quality in the study area has been affected by human activities, and the heavy metal elements have been increasing in recent years. However, human activities did not affect the quality of the land environment. The land environmental quality in the study area was very good and was at the level of grade 鈪
本文编号：2357593
[Abstract]:Land is the basic element of life, healthy land can breed healthy life. In the process of social development, in order to pursue economic goals, land predatory development has had an impact on land health. Maintaining the healthy state of land plays an important role in the sustainable utilization of land resources. Jilin Black soil region is the main grain producing area of our country, and its land health condition also plays an indispensable role in ensuring the food security of our country. Based on the relevant theoretical research results, this paper evaluates the land health status in the Black soil region of Jilin Province. First of all, the concept of land health, land health related research methods are described in detail. A total of 62 samples were collected in the study area, of which 15 were from Yushu to Songyuan, 27 from Gongzhuling-pear, and 20 from Jiutai to Dehui. Based on the results of sample analysis, the geochemical characteristics of nutrient elements, heavy metal elements, nutrient elements in crops and heavy metal elements in the surface soil in the study area were analyzed. Based on the geochemical characteristics of elements, soil available potassium (pH,), exchangeable calcium, exchangeable magnesium and trace elements were determined as evaluation indexes, and the soil fertility in the study area was evaluated by comprehensive index method. Taking six heavy metal elements of As,Cd,Cr,Cu,Ni,Zn as the evaluation index, according to the standard of land environmental quality and the outline of environmental quality evaluation of green food producing area, the comprehensive pollution index method of Nemero was used. The quality of land environment in the study area was evaluated. Taking six heavy metal elements of As,Cd,Cr,Cu,Ni,Zn in crops as the evaluation index, according to the agricultural industry standard NY861-2004 of the people's Republic of China, the comprehensive pollution index method of Nemero was used to evaluate the safety of crops. According to the above evaluation results, the evaluation index system of land health in black soil area was constructed from three aspects: soil fertility, land environmental quality and crop heavy metal pollution. Soil pH value, effective B value, effective Zn, effective Mo, effective As, were selected. Effective Cd, effective Cr, effective Cu, effective Ni, maize seed content and other 10 indexes, fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method was used to evaluate the land health status in Jilin black soil area. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) according to the evaluation of land fertility, the fertility status of the study area is Yushu-Songyuan area > Gongzhuling-Lish area > Jiutai-Dehui area. The soil fertility in the study area was restricted by trace elements, among which available form B and available Mo were the main limiting factors of land fertility. Compared with Gongzhuling-Lish area, the reason of low soil fertility in Jiutai-Dehui area is the low content of available Zn in this area. (2) through the evaluation of land environmental quality, it can be seen that the land environmental quality in the study area has been affected by human activities, and the heavy metal elements have been increasing in recent years. However, human activities did not affect the quality of the land environment. The land environmental quality in the study area was very good and was at the level of grade 鈪
本文编号：2357593
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