长期不同施肥下南方黄泥田有效磷对磷盈亏的响应特征

发布时间：2018-11-26 11:16

【摘要】：【目的】黄泥田为南方主要中低产田类型之一。通过研究长期施肥条件下南方黄泥田土壤磷素累积盈亏与有效磷的关系,为黄泥田科学施用磷肥提供理论依据。【方法】基于连续33年水稻长期定位试验,研究了不施肥(CK)、单施化肥(NPK)、化肥配施牛粪(NPKM)、化肥配施秸秆(NPKS)四个处理土壤有效磷的变化规律及土壤磷累积盈亏状况,计算有效磷磷盈亏响应系数。【结果】各施肥处理双季稻年份(1983~2004年)土壤有效磷与全磷含量呈年际上升趋势,以NPKM增幅最为明显,改为单季稻后(2005~2015年)则呈下降趋势,也以NPKM降幅最为明显。试验至2015年,NPK、NPKS处理有效磷含量分别为9.7 mg/kg、8.7 mg/kg,较试验初期分别下降8.3 mg/kg、9.3 mg/kg,NPKM处理与试验初期持平。CK、NPK、NPKM、NPKS处理的磷素活化系数(PAC)总体呈年际下降趋势,其多年平均磷素活化系数值(PAC)分别为2.9%、3.5%、4.7%、4.1%,其中NPKM与NPKS处理显著高于NPK与CK处理。除双季稻NPKS处理外,不同施肥模式下双季稻与单季稻年份的土壤有效磷增减与土壤累积磷盈亏均呈显著正相关,其中双季稻年份土壤磷素(P)每盈余100 kg/hm2,NPK、NPKM处理有效磷分别增加4.5 mg/kg与11.2 mg/kg,而单季稻年份土壤磷素每亏缺100 kg/hm2,NPK、NPKM、NPKS处理有效磷分别减少14.6 mg/kg、23.9 mg/kg、25.9 mg/kg。双季稻磷肥年施用量(P)为26.2kg/hm2时,土壤磷素呈盈亏持平状态。【结论】有机无机肥配施比单施化肥能够显著提高黄泥田土壤有效磷、全磷含量和磷素活化系数,有效磷含量与磷素累积盈亏密切相关,等磷素盈亏量下,有机无机肥配施的有效磷响应系数要高于单施化肥,而磷累积亏缺下,有效磷降幅响应比磷累积盈余下有效磷增幅响应大。
[Abstract]:[objective] Huangnai Field is one of the main middle and low yield fields in South China. The relationship between the accumulation of P and the available phosphorus in the soil of southern yellow mud field was studied under the condition of long-term fertilization, which provided a theoretical basis for the scientific application of phosphorus fertilizer in the yellow mud field. [methods] based on the long-term positioning experiment of rice for 33 consecutive years, The changes of soil available phosphorus and the cumulative profit and loss of phosphorus in soil were studied under the four treatments of no fertilizer, (CK), single chemical fertilizer, (NPK), fertilizer, cattle manure, (NPKM), fertilizer and straw (NPKS). [results] the available P and total P contents of soil increased interannual in the two cropping rice years (1983-2004), and the increase of NPKM was the most obvious, but decreased after changing to single-cropping rice (2005-2015). Also in NPKM decline is the most obvious. From the experiment to 2015, the available phosphorus content of NPK,NPKS treatment was 9. 7 mg/kg,8.7 mg/kg, respectively, which decreased by 8. 3 mg/kg,9.3 mg/kg,NPKM compared with the initial stage of the experiment. The CK,NPK,NPKM, of the treatment was equal to that of the early experiment. The phosphorus activation coefficient (PAC) of NPKS treatment showed an interannual downward trend, and the annual average phosphorus activation coefficient value (PAC) was 2.9 / 3.5and 4.7cm / 4.1, respectively. NPKM and NPKS treatments were significantly higher than NPK and CK treatments. Except for NPKS treatment of double cropping rice, there was a significant positive correlation between the increase and decrease of soil available phosphorus and the profit and loss of soil accumulated phosphorus under different fertilization patterns, and the soil phosphorus (P) surplus was 100 kg/hm2,NPK, per year in double cropping rice year. The available phosphorus of NPKM treatment increased 4.5 mg/kg and 11.2 mg/kg, respectively, while the available phosphorus decreased 14.6 mg/kg,23.9 mg/kg,25.9 mg/kg. per 100 kg/hm2,NPK,NPKM,NPKS deficit of soil phosphorus in single cropping rice year. When the annual application rate of phosphorus fertilizer of double cropping rice was 26.2kg/hm2, the soil phosphorus content was equal. [conclusion] compared with single fertilizer application, organic and inorganic fertilizer could significantly increase the available phosphorus, total phosphorus content and P activation coefficient of soil in yellow mud field. The effective phosphorus content is closely related to the P accumulation profit and loss. Under the same P profit and loss rate, the response coefficient of the organic and inorganic fertilizer is higher than that of the single fertilizer, but the phosphorus accumulation deficit is higher than that of the organic inorganic fertilizer. The response to the decrease of available phosphorus was larger than that of the increase of available phosphorus under the accumulated surplus of phosphorus.
【作者单位】：福建省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所;
【基金】：福建省属公益类科研院所基本科研专项(2015R1022-5,2016R1021-2) 公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201203030)资助
【分类号】：S158

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