高寒区施肥和豆科混播水平对燕麦人工草地土壤酶活性的影响

发布时间：2018-11-27 08:28

【摘要】：主要探讨了燕麦人工草地土壤酶活性对燕麦品种、施肥水平和豆科混播水平的响应,为合理评价燕麦人工草地的生态效应和对土壤培肥的影响提供理论依据。采用4个燕麦品种(A1:青燕1号;A2:林纳;A3:青海444;A4:青海甜燕麦)、4个施肥水平(B1:不施任何肥料,CK0;B2:尿素75kg/hm~2+磷酸二铵150kg/hm~2,IM;B3:有机肥1500kg/hm~2,OM;B4:尿素37.5kg/hm~2+磷酸二铵75kg/hm~2+有机肥750kg/hm~2,IM+OM)和4个箭{H豌豆混播水平(C1:0kg/hm~2;C2:45kg/hm~2;C3:60kg/hm~2;C4:75kg/hm~2)的三因素四水平正交试验设计,开展三因素对燕麦人工草地土壤酶活性(脲酶、纤维素酶和转化酶)影响的比较研究。结果表明,燕麦品种、施肥水平和豆科混播水平均能显著提高土壤酶活性;高寒区0~20cm耕作层土壤脲酶、纤维素酶和转化酶活性范围分别为400~900μg/g,80~180μg/g和4~7mg/g;3个因素对土壤酶活性影响的强弱顺序为:施肥水平品种豆科混播水平;在3个因素的影响下,随着生育期的推进,土壤脲酶和纤维素酶活性分别呈"先增后减"、"先降后增"的变化,分别在开花期和拔节期出现单峰值,转化酶活性呈"增—降—增—降"或"降—增—降"的变化,在拔节期和抽穗期出现双峰值。土壤酶相对活性指数和土壤酶相对活性综合指数能很好地反映土壤酶的变化。选用青海444或青海甜燕麦,混播箭{H豌豆45kg/hm~2,施尿素37.5kg/hm~2、磷酸二铵75kg/hm~2和有机肥750kg/hm~2时,对提高土壤酶活性效果最佳。
[Abstract]:The response of soil enzyme activity of oat artificial grassland to oat variety, fertilization level and legume mixed sowing level was studied in order to provide a theoretical basis for evaluating the ecological effect of oat artificial grassland and its effect on soil fertility. Four oat varieties (A1: Qingyan 1; A2: Linna; A3: Qinghai 444A4: Qinghai sweet oats) were used. Four fertilization levels (B1: no fertilizer, CK0;B2: urea 75kg/hm~2 ammonium phosphate 150 kg / hmtm2IMM) were used. B3: organic fertilizer 1 500 kg / hmt0 2 OMN B4: urea 37.5kg/hm~2 diammonium phosphate 75kg/hm~2 organic fertilizer 750 kg / hm ~ (2) IM OM) and four arrows {H pea mixed sowing level (C 1: 0 kg / hm ~ (2) 路hm ~ (2) C _ (2) 45 kg / hm ~ (2) C _ (3): 60 kg 路hm ~ (2) 路hm ~ (2) ~ (2); The effects of three factors on soil enzyme activity (urease, cellulase and invertase) in oat artificial grassland were studied by orthogonal design of three factors and four levels of C4:75kg/hm~2. The results showed that the activities of urease, cellulase and invertase in 0~20cm tillage layer were significantly increased in oat varieties, fertilization level and legume mixed sowing level, and the range of urease, cellulase and invertase activity in 0~20cm tillage layer were 400 ~ 900 渭 g / g, 80 ~ 180 渭 g / g and 4 ~ 7 mg / g, respectively. The order of effect of three factors on soil enzyme activity was as follows: the mixed sowing level of legumes at fertilization level; Under the influence of three factors, the activities of soil urease and cellulase increased at first and then decreased and then increased at flowering stage and jointing stage respectively with the development of soil urease and cellulase activity. The activity of invertase showed the change of "increase-drop-increase-decrease" or "drop-increase-decrease", and there were two peaks at jointing stage and heading stage. Soil enzyme relative activity index and soil enzyme relative activity index can well reflect the change of soil enzyme. Using Qinghai 444 or Qinghai sweet oats, mixed sowing arrows {H pea 45kg 路hm-2, urea 37.5 kg 路hm-2, diammonium phosphate 75kg/hm~2 and organic fertilizer 750 kg 路hm-2, the effect of soil enzyme activity was the best.
【作者单位】：甘肃农业大学草业学院;青藏高原优良牧草种质资源利用省级重点实验室青海省畜牧兽医科学院;中国农业大学草地研究所;中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所;
【基金】：“现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金”(CARS-35-41) 农业部“青藏高原牧草种质资源保护利用”项目(13162130135252040) 青海省饲草产业科技创新平台项目资助
【分类号】：S54;S154.2

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