农村土质道路路面形态对道路侵蚀的影响

发布时间：2018-11-28 15:56

【摘要】：路面形态作为道路微结构的表现形式,改变道路降雨侵蚀特征,对调节道路系统水沙传递过程有重要意义。本文以拱形、侧向形、平直形、凹形等4种常见路面形态为研究对象,通过室内模拟降雨试验,研究坡度(5°、10°、15°)及路形差异下,道路侵蚀特点。结果表明:路形对产沙的影响高于产流,路形通过改变路面径流的水力学特征来改变产沙特性;在坡度10°和15°时,凹形路面径流流态为急流,流速最大,土壤侵蚀率显著高于其他路形,且侵蚀泥沙颗粒粒径较大;在坡度5°和10°时,拱形和平直形路面水流流态为缓流,拱形路面产流产沙能力最弱,抵抗降雨侵蚀的能力最好。凹形和平直形路面对坡度的敏感性较高,随着坡度提升,产沙量和水流能量均有大幅提高,坡度对拱形和侧向形影响较弱。路形差异导致侵蚀特征迥异,在道路设计建设过程中,科学的路形搭配和"路-渠"组合能有效防治道路侵蚀,降低道路建设对生态环境的影响,该研究可为农村低等级道路建设和维护提供参考。
[Abstract]:As the manifestation of road microstructure, pavement morphology changes the characteristics of road rainfall erosion, which is of great significance in regulating the process of water and sediment transfer in road system. In this paper, four common pavement forms, such as arched, lateral, straight and concave, are studied. The characteristics of road erosion under slope (5 掳, 10 掳, 15 掳) and road shape difference are studied through indoor rainfall simulation test. The results show that the influence of road shape on sediment yield is higher than that on runoff, and road shape changes sediment yield characteristics by changing the hydraulic characteristics of road runoff. When the slope is 10 掳and 15 掳, the flow pattern of concave road surface is jet, the velocity of flow is the largest, the soil erosion rate is significantly higher than that of other road forms, and the particle size of erosion sediment is larger. When the slope is 5 掳and 10 掳, the water flow pattern of arched and flat pavement is slow flow, and the capacity of abortion and sediment production is the weakest, and the ability of resisting rainfall erosion is the best. The sensitivity of concave and straight road to slope is higher. With the increase of slope, sediment yield and flow energy are greatly increased, and the slope has a weak effect on arch and lateral shape. Road shape difference leads to different erosion characteristics. In the course of road design and construction, scientific combination of road configuration and "road-canal" can effectively prevent and control road erosion and reduce the impact of road construction on ecological environment. This study can provide a reference for the construction and maintenance of rural low-grade roads.
【作者单位】：华中农业大学水土保持研究中心;江西省土壤侵蚀和防治重点实验室;江西省水土保持科学研究院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(41501287) 中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(2662015JC007) 江西省水利厅科技项目(KT201522)
【分类号】：S157.1

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