坡度对黑土养分流失影响效应的实验室模拟研究
发布时间：2018-11-28 17:24
【摘要】：东北黑土区是我国重要的商品粮基地,主要分布在中国松辽流域和三江平原,是世界仅有的三大黑土区之一。黑土土质疏松,有机质含量丰富,但是因为一些自然的因素以及人类的一些不合理的生产经营活动,导致了黑土区水土流失严重,特别是其所引起的土壤养分流失更是使黑土严重退化,土壤肥力下降,对黑土区的土地生产力、粮食生产和区域社会经济发展都造成严重的影响。因此,为揭示黑土养分流失的机理以及为黑土养分流失的预报和控制提供理论依据,本文以黑土为试验土壤,利用人工模拟降雨的方式,研究坡度对黑土有机质、全氮、全磷、铵态氮、硝态氮以及速效磷等养分流失的影响。主要研究结果如下:(1)整个降雨过程中,同一坡面坡度下,随着降雨历时的变化,侵蚀泥沙中的全氮、全磷、有机质等各种养分的浓度基本都呈现波动式的下降趋势。而随着坡面坡度增大,侵蚀泥沙中的各种养分浓度反而减小。(2)在任意坡面坡度下,随着降雨历时的变化,侵蚀泥沙中的全氮、全磷、有机质等各种养分的流失量基本都呈现出上升的趋势,且流失量与降雨历时的关系可以用指数函数来表达。并且,除铵态氮和硝态氮外,侵蚀泥沙中的各种养分的流失量与侵蚀泥沙量都呈现出了不同程度的相关关系。而且侵蚀泥沙中的各种养分流失量随坡面坡度的增大也在增大,即9°7°5°3°1°。当坡面坡度上升到7°及以上时,侵蚀泥沙中的各种养分流失量都出现大幅度增多。而侵蚀泥沙的机械组成与侵蚀泥沙中各种养分的流失量没有特别显著的相关关系。(3)除坡面坡度为7°外,在同一坡面坡度下,径流中的全氮和全磷浓度随降雨历时没有产生较大变化。而随着坡面坡度的变化,径流中的全氮、全磷浓度产生波动,在坡面坡度为5°时达到了最大值。(4)整个降雨过程中,同一坡面坡度下,径流中全氮、全磷的流失量随着降雨历时的变化,都存在不同幅度的增多趋势,且二者之间的关系可以用指数函数表达。在不同的坡面坡度条件下,径流量与径流中全氮的流失量的相关性更高,呈显著相关,而与径流中全磷的流失量相关性相对较小。当坡面坡度为3°时,径流量与径流中的全氮、全磷的流失量的变化趋势最为一致。(5)整个降雨过程中,侵蚀泥沙中的各种养分流失总量表现为:有机质全氮全磷速效磷铵态氮硝态氮。而径流中的养分流失总量的表现为:全氮全磷。在坡面坡度改变的条件下,侵蚀泥沙中的各种养分的流失量都是呈增长的趋势,并且当坡面坡度由5°升到7°时,侵蚀泥沙中的养分的流失总量出现了大幅度的增长。在不同坡面坡度条件下,径流中全氮的流失总量是出现一种波动式的变化,全磷流失量随坡面坡度的改变呈现出先上升再下降的趋势。
[Abstract]:The Northeast Black soil region is an important commercial grain base in China, mainly distributed in the Songliao River Basin and Sanjiang Plain in China. It is one of the only three black soil regions in the world. The black soil is loose and rich in organic matter, but because of some natural factors and some unreasonable human production and management activities, the soil and water loss in the black soil area is serious. Especially, the soil nutrient loss caused by the soil nutrient loss makes the black soil seriously degenerate and the soil fertility decreases, which has a serious impact on the land productivity, grain production and regional social and economic development in the black soil area. Therefore, in order to reveal the mechanism of nutrient loss in black soil and to provide theoretical basis for prediction and control of nutrient loss in black soil, using black soil as experimental soil and artificial rainfall simulation, the slope effect on organic matter, total nitrogen and total phosphorus of black soil was studied in this paper. Effects of ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and available phosphorus on nutrient loss. The main results are as follows: (1) with the change of rainfall duration, the concentrations of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, organic matter and other nutrients in sediment show a fluctuating downward trend during the whole rainfall process under the same slope gradient. However, with the increase of slope gradient, the concentration of various nutrients in eroded sediment decreases. (2) under any slope gradient, with the change of rainfall duration, the total nitrogen and phosphorus in sediment are eroded. The loss of organic matter and other nutrients showed an upward trend, and the relationship between the loss and rainfall duration could be expressed by exponential function. Besides ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen, the loss of various nutrients in erosive sediment and the amount of eroded sediment showed different degrees of correlation. Moreover, the amount of nutrient loss in eroded sediment increases with the increase of slope gradient, that is, 9 掳7 掳5 掳3 掳1 掳. When the slope reaches 7 掳or above, the amount of nutrient loss in the eroded sediment increases significantly. However, there is no significant correlation between the mechanical composition of erosive sediment and the loss of various nutrients in the eroded sediment. (3) except for the slope of 7 掳, under the same slope, there is no significant correlation between the mechanical composition of the eroded sediment and the amount of nutrients lost in the eroded sediment. The concentration of total nitrogen and phosphorus in runoff did not change with rainfall duration. However, with the change of slope gradient, total nitrogen and total phosphorus concentration in runoff fluctuated, and reached the maximum when slope gradient was 5 掳. (4) during the whole rainfall process, the total nitrogen in runoff reached the same slope. With the change of rainfall duration, the amount of total phosphorus loss increased in different amplitude, and the relationship between the two can be expressed by exponential function. Under different slope conditions, the correlation between runoff and total nitrogen loss in runoff is more significant, but the correlation with total phosphorus loss in runoff is relatively small. When the slope is 3 掳, the change trend of runoff is the most consistent with the total nitrogen and phosphorus loss in runoff. (5) during the whole rainfall process, The total amount of nutrient loss in erosive sediment was as follows: organic total nitrogen, total phosphorus, available ammonium phosphate, nitrate nitrogen. The total amount of nutrient loss in runoff was: total nitrogen and total phosphorus. Under the condition of slope change, the loss of all kinds of nutrients in eroded sediment is increasing, and the total amount of nutrient loss in eroded sediment increases greatly when the slope is raised from 5 掳to 7 掳. Under the condition of different slope gradient, the total amount of total nitrogen loss in runoff is fluctuating, and the total phosphorus loss increases first and then decreases with the change of slope gradient.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S157
本文编号：2363687
[Abstract]:The Northeast Black soil region is an important commercial grain base in China, mainly distributed in the Songliao River Basin and Sanjiang Plain in China. It is one of the only three black soil regions in the world. The black soil is loose and rich in organic matter, but because of some natural factors and some unreasonable human production and management activities, the soil and water loss in the black soil area is serious. Especially, the soil nutrient loss caused by the soil nutrient loss makes the black soil seriously degenerate and the soil fertility decreases, which has a serious impact on the land productivity, grain production and regional social and economic development in the black soil area. Therefore, in order to reveal the mechanism of nutrient loss in black soil and to provide theoretical basis for prediction and control of nutrient loss in black soil, using black soil as experimental soil and artificial rainfall simulation, the slope effect on organic matter, total nitrogen and total phosphorus of black soil was studied in this paper. Effects of ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and available phosphorus on nutrient loss. The main results are as follows: (1) with the change of rainfall duration, the concentrations of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, organic matter and other nutrients in sediment show a fluctuating downward trend during the whole rainfall process under the same slope gradient. However, with the increase of slope gradient, the concentration of various nutrients in eroded sediment decreases. (2) under any slope gradient, with the change of rainfall duration, the total nitrogen and phosphorus in sediment are eroded. The loss of organic matter and other nutrients showed an upward trend, and the relationship between the loss and rainfall duration could be expressed by exponential function. Besides ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen, the loss of various nutrients in erosive sediment and the amount of eroded sediment showed different degrees of correlation. Moreover, the amount of nutrient loss in eroded sediment increases with the increase of slope gradient, that is, 9 掳7 掳5 掳3 掳1 掳. When the slope reaches 7 掳or above, the amount of nutrient loss in the eroded sediment increases significantly. However, there is no significant correlation between the mechanical composition of erosive sediment and the loss of various nutrients in the eroded sediment. (3) except for the slope of 7 掳, under the same slope, there is no significant correlation between the mechanical composition of the eroded sediment and the amount of nutrients lost in the eroded sediment. The concentration of total nitrogen and phosphorus in runoff did not change with rainfall duration. However, with the change of slope gradient, total nitrogen and total phosphorus concentration in runoff fluctuated, and reached the maximum when slope gradient was 5 掳. (4) during the whole rainfall process, the total nitrogen in runoff reached the same slope. With the change of rainfall duration, the amount of total phosphorus loss increased in different amplitude, and the relationship between the two can be expressed by exponential function. Under different slope conditions, the correlation between runoff and total nitrogen loss in runoff is more significant, but the correlation with total phosphorus loss in runoff is relatively small. When the slope is 3 掳, the change trend of runoff is the most consistent with the total nitrogen and phosphorus loss in runoff. (5) during the whole rainfall process, The total amount of nutrient loss in erosive sediment was as follows: organic total nitrogen, total phosphorus, available ammonium phosphate, nitrate nitrogen. The total amount of nutrient loss in runoff was: total nitrogen and total phosphorus. Under the condition of slope change, the loss of all kinds of nutrients in eroded sediment is increasing, and the total amount of nutrient loss in eroded sediment increases greatly when the slope is raised from 5 掳to 7 掳. Under the condition of different slope gradient, the total amount of total nitrogen loss in runoff is fluctuating, and the total phosphorus loss increases first and then decreases with the change of slope gradient.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S157
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