宁夏中部干旱带压砂地土壤性质时空变异研究

发布时间：2018-12-08 07:12

【摘要】：压砂地是我国西北地区一种独有的农耕方式。压砂产业成为宁夏中部干旱带的支柱产业,压砂瓜成为宁夏的地理产品,2007年压砂瓜面积已经达到100万亩。为了科学全面的认识压砂地土壤资源的质量状况,有必要系统探究砂田土壤性质的时间变异性,以及不同采样尺度下压砂地土壤性质的空间变异性。有助于了解砂田土壤肥力的演变规律和时空变化特性,做好休耕措施,为宁夏中部干旱为砂田农业的健康可持续发展提供综合性依据。本文主要运用地统计学的方法,应用SPSS.GS+、Suffer、Arc GIS软件对宁夏中部干旱带不同压砂年限对砂田土壤物理性质、化学性质以及生物性质属性值,以及田间尺度和香山地区压砂地土壤物理性质的属性值进行分析。主要研究结果如下：(1)通过对压砂1 a,3 a,5 a,7 a,10 a的绵砂压砂地以及邻近对照农田在0-10cm,10-20cm,20-30cm不同深度的土壤物理性质、化学性质以及酶活性进行分析,得到压砂年限对于土壤性质的影响结论：土壤机械组成随压砂年限的增加,呈不断粗化的显著变化。粗砂含量随着土壤垂直深度的加深逐渐减少。比较对照,压砂地土壤容重增大,其它土壤物理性质都表现出下降变化。压砂地土壤水分含量明显高于对照农田土壤水分含量,说明压砂可以有效地降低土壤水分的蒸发提高水分的利用效率。不同年限压砂地土壤全盐含量均低于对照,说明压砂具有降低土壤盐渍化的功能。压砂地土壤氮、磷、钾等肥力状况随着压砂年限的延长总体上表现出下降的趋势,1 a含量最高,3 a较l a土壤养分下降幅度较大。各年限之间肥力水平差异显著。土壤中四种酶活性随压砂年限的延长总体表现出降低趋向,土壤有机质、全氮、速效磷以及粘粒对酶活性影响较为强烈。因此,在耕作过程中要注重肥力的保持和提高,基肥要多以有机肥、缓释肥为主,追肥多以叶面肥为主。此外,调整耕作制度,做好休耕与生产的合理配置,从而保持压砂地优良特性。以免出现土壤贫瘠现象。(2)通过对宁夏兴仁镇红圈子村10×lOm田间尺度压砂地为例,研究了在0-10cm,10-20cm不同深度下压砂地土壤物理性质的空间变异特征。以下主要结论：压砂地土壤容重、总孔隙度和毛管孔隙度在不同采样深度下都呈现出弱变异性,饱和含水量则表现为中等变异。0-10 cm深度下土壤饱和导水率表现为中等变异,且为纯块金效应,受随机因素影响；10-20 cm深度下饱和导水率则表现为强变异性,主要受结构性因素影响。在两种不同采样深度下容重都表现为纯块金效应,其主要受随机因素的影响。在10-20cm深度下土壤各种物理性质的平均值均稍大于0-10cm深度属性值。压砂地土壤饱和导水率与容重存在高度的负相关,与饱和含水量、总孔隙度和毛管孔隙度存在高度正相关关系。压砂地土壤一系列物理性质的空间插值图除了在数值上存在差异外,其疏密程度和走向变化都非常相近。今后耕作过程中要加强对南部田块的保护措施,改善土壤物理性质,提高土地利用效率。其空间分布图可以为该研究地块田间管理和实施精准农业提供一定的数据支持和理论指导。(3)通过分析宁夏香山地区压砂地土壤在0-20cm,20-40cm不同深度下压砂地土壤物理性质的空间变异特征。取得结论：仅土壤容重是弱变异性,其它土壤物理属性表现中等变异性。在20-40cm压砂地土壤物理性质平均值略大于0-20cm属性值。0-20cm深度下压砂地土壤物理性质空间相关性较弱。20-40cm深度下压砂地土壤的饱和导水率、饱和含水量以及毛管孔隙度的空间相关性弱。土壤容重与总孔隙度之间表现为中等程度的空间相关性。压砂地土壤物理性质的空间插值图除了属性值存在差异外,其疏密程度、走向趋势都非常相近。香山地区西北部压砂地土壤物理性质明显优于东南地区,加强规范压砂地耕作管理制度,减少人为因素的影响,提高压砂地的利用率,达到优产、稳产的目的。
[Abstract]:The sand-pressing area is a unique farming method in the northwest of China. The sand-pressing industry has become the pillar industry of the central arid zone in the middle of Ningxia, and it is the geographical product of Ningxia. The area of the sand-pressing melon in 2007 has reached 1 million mu. In order to scientifically and fully understand the quality of soil resources in sand ground, it is necessary to study the time variability of the soil properties of the sand field and the spatial variability of the soil properties of the sand in different sampling scales. It is helpful to know the evolution law of soil fertility in the sand field and the characteristics of time-and-space change, and to do well the cultivation measures to provide a comprehensive basis for the healthy and sustainable development of the agriculture in the middle of Ningxia. In this paper, the physical properties, chemical properties and biological properties of the sandy land in the central arid zone of Ningxia were measured by SPSS, GS +, Saffer and Arc GIS software. and the property values of the soil physical properties of the soil in the field scale and the Xiangshan area are analyzed. The main results are as follows: (1) The physical properties, chemical properties and enzyme activity of the soil with different depths of 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm, 20-30 cm, The results of the influence of the age of the pressed sand on the soil properties: The mechanical composition of the soil changes with the increase of the age of the sand and sand. The crude sand content decreases with the depth of the vertical depth of the soil. Compared with the control, the soil bulk density of the soil was increased and the physical properties of other soil showed a decrease. The soil moisture content of the pressed sand is obviously higher than that of the control farmland, and the soil water content of the soil water can be effectively reduced, and the water utilization efficiency of the water can be improved. The total salt content of the soil in different years is lower than that of the control, which shows that the pressure sand has the function of reducing the salinization of the soil. The soil N, P, K and other fertility conditions of the ground sand ground show a downward trend as the increase of the age of the sand and sand, and the content of 1a is the highest, and the soil nutrients in the 3a are lower. There is a significant difference in fertility between the ages. Soil organic matter, total nitrogen, quick-acting phosphorus and mucin have a strong effect on the activity of the enzyme. Therefore, in the course of cultivation, it is necessary to pay attention to the maintenance and improvement of the fertility, and the base fertilizer is mainly composed of organic fertilizer, slow-release fertilizer, and the top dressing is mainly the foliage fertilizer. In addition, the cultivation system should be adjusted, and the reasonable allocation of the intertillage and production can be made, so that the fine characteristics of the pressure-pressing sand are maintained. so as to avoid the phenomenon of soil fertility. (2) The spatial variation characteristics of soil physical properties at different depths of 0-10cm and 10-20cm were studied by a case study on the field-scale pressure sand of 10-10-lOm in the red circle village of Xingren Town, Ningxia. The main conclusions are as follows: the soil bulk density, the total porosity and the porosity of the hair tube exhibit weak variability at different sampling depths, and the saturated water content is a medium variation. The saturated water conductivity of the soil at 0-10 cm depth is a medium variation, and it is a pure gold effect. The influence of the random factors; the saturation conductivity at the depth of 10-20 cm is the strong variability, which is mainly influenced by the structural factors. The bulk density of the two different sampling depths is the pure-block gold effect, which is mainly influenced by the random factors. The average value of the various physical properties of the soil at the depth of 10-20cm is slightly greater than the depth attribute value of 0-10cm. There is a negative correlation between the saturated water conductivity and the volume weight of the soil, and there is a high positive correlation with the saturated water content, the total porosity and the porosity of the wool tube. The spatial interpolation of a series of physical properties of the soil-ground soil is very similar except that there is a difference in the numerical values. In the future, the protection measures of the southern field should be strengthened, the physical property of the soil is improved, and the utilization efficiency of the land is improved. The spatial distribution map can provide some data support and theoretical guidance for the management and implementation of precision agriculture. (3) The spatial variation of the soil physical properties of the soil at different depths of 0-20cm and 20-40cm in Xiangshan area of Ningxia was analyzed. The results are as follows: only the soil bulk density is weak, and other soil physical properties show moderate variability. in that 20-40cm, the mean value of soil physical property is slightly larger than that of 0-20cm, and the spatial correlation of soil physical property is weak with the depth of 0-20cm. the saturation conductivity, the saturated water content of the soil and the spatial correlation of the porosity of the wool pipe are weak in the depth of 20-40cm. There is a moderate degree of spatial correlation between soil bulk density and total porosity. The spatial interpolation map of the soil physical properties of the ground sand ground is very close to the trend of the spatial interpolation of the physical properties of the soil in addition to the difference in the property value. The physical properties of the soil in the north-west of the Xiangshan area are obviously superior to that in the south-east, and the management system of the land-and-sand land is strengthened, the influence of the human factors is reduced, the utilization rate of the sand-pressing land is improved, and the purpose of high yield and stable yield is achieved.
【学位授予单位】：宁夏大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S151.9

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