枣庄市山亭区土壤有机质和有效微量元素空间分布及影响因素分析

发布时间：2018-12-10 10:23

【摘要】：科学管理土壤养分,合理施用化肥,是关系到我国农业发展的重大问题。充分了解土壤特性特别是土壤养分空间分布的变异特征,把握其分布规律,对其进行定量和定性分析,是土壤养分管理以及合理、有效、精准施肥的基础(刘杏梅,2003)。对于在土壤养分质量中占有举足轻重地位的有机质和微量元素来说,更是具有非常重大的研究意义。本研究应用GIS和地统计学相结合方法,研究了山东省枣庄市山亭区土壤有机质和有效微量元素含量的分布及其空间变异规律,初步评价了土壤部分养分含量状况及其控制土壤有机质和微量元素含量分布的影响因子,探讨了土壤养分分区管理和施肥的可行性。主要研究内容和结果如下:(1)对枣庄市山亭区2011年采取的2059个土壤样品的有机质和有效微量元素养分含量监测结果描述统计和数据正态化检验表明:有效锰符合正态分布外,其余土壤属性均符合对数正态分布;土壤有机质和土壤有效微量元素的变异系数在30.97%~62.42%之间,土壤有机质和有效微量元素均属中等变异程度;土壤有机质平均值为12.54g/kg,有效锰平均值为24.59mg/kg,有效锌平均值为0.39mg/kg,水溶态硼平均值为0.38mg/kg,有效铜平均值为1.25mg/kg,有效铁平均值为20.24mg/kg,从均值来看,除土壤有机质SOM(临界值为20g/kg)、有效锌(临界值1.0mg/kg)和水溶态硼(临界值0.5mg/kg)低于临界值以外,有效锰(临界值15mg/kg)、有效铜(临界值1.0mg/kg)、有效铁(临界值1.0mg/kg)的含量均高于各自的临界值,土壤土壤有机质处于缺乏水平,表明研究区域的土壤肥力质量偏低;微量元素中,有效锌和水溶态硼的含量处于极缺乏和缺乏的水平,有效铁和有效锰处于极丰富和丰富的水平,有效铜处于适中或丰富的水平。(2)通过对土壤有机质和有效微量元素(Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn和B)的半方差函数分析表明,有效锌的块金值与基台的比值等于1,土壤有机质的为0.011,有效锰的为0.048,水溶态硼的为0.147,有效铜的为0.092,有效铁的为0.278,除有效锌为纯块金效应外,土壤有机质和其它有效微量元素空间自相关性较强,其中结构性因素起主导作用。(3)根据半方差理论模型和参数可知:有效锌和有效铜的决定系数R2较小,分别为0.605和0.651;水溶态硼的决定系数R2居中,为0.815;土壤有机质、有效锰和有效铁的决定系数R2均大于0.9,尤其有效铁的决定系数R2达到了0.984。综上所述,土壤有机质和土壤有效微量元素的决定系数R2均大于0.6,能较好的反映土壤有机质和土壤有效微量元素的空间结构特征。(4)根据空间分析,普通克里格插值结果表明,土壤有机质含量总体上呈块状分布,分布的总趋势是:西南部比东北部偏高,与山亭区地形变化规律较为一致;土壤微量元素含量的空间分布各异。土壤水溶态硼和有效锌含量的空间分布总体上没有明显的特征;有效铜的空间分布趋势较为明显,总体上呈块状分布,分布的总趋势为中间高四周低;全区土壤有效铁和有效锰的空间分布呈现出明显的北高南低的趋势,但有效铁的空间差异层次性更为明显。结合土壤有机质和土壤有效微量元素的空间分布,对研究区的土壤元素进行分区管理,其中,土壤有机质可以分为三个区,土壤有效微量元素均可以分为两个养分分区。(5)影响因素分析表明,土壤类型、耕层质地、坡度、土地利用类型和地貌类型对土壤有机质均有一定程度上的影响。土壤类型主要是由于成土母质的差异影响土壤有机质的高低与分布,随质地由砂变粘、坡度由低变高,土壤有机质含量逐步升高,田间管理水平的差异是造成不同土地利用类型下土壤有机质含量差异的主要原因。另外,结果表明土壤有机质的含量随着坡度的升高而降低。坡度对土壤有机质的影响与已有的研究不尽相同,存在一定的偏差,可能与人类耕作等因素有关土壤有效微量元素中,该五种内在因素对有效锌和水溶态硼的空间分布不存在明显的影响。土地利用类型、坡度和地貌类型对有效铜含量的空间分布并无明显影响,但土壤类型和质地对其有一定程度的影响。对于有效铁和有效锰,除了坡度以外,其他四种结构性因素对有效铁和有效锰则表现出不同程度的影响,以有效铁的影响效果尤为明显。坡度对土壤有效元素的含量高低并无明显的影响,对有效铁存在一定的影响,可能是由于有效铁具有中等的空间相关性,受小于实验取样尺度上的作物、施肥、管理水平等随机性因素的影响,致使有效铁与其他有效微量元素在坡度影响下表现出不同的差异性。
[Abstract]:The scientific management of soil nutrient and the rational application of chemical fertilizer are a major problem for the development of agriculture in China. The characteristics of soil characteristics, in particular the spatial distribution of soil nutrients, are fully understood, the distribution law of soil is grasped, and the quantitative and qualitative analysis is carried out, which is the foundation of soil nutrient management and reasonable, effective and precise fertilization (Liu Xingmei, 2003). It is of great significance for organic matter and trace elements which play a very important role in the soil nutrient quality. Based on the combination of GIS and geostatistics, the distribution and spatial variation of soil organic matter and effective trace elements in the mountain pavilion of Zaozhuang City, Shandong Province were studied. The influence factors of soil nutrient content and the distribution of soil organic matter and trace elements in soil were preliminarily evaluated, and the feasibility of soil nutrient zoning management and fertilization was discussed. The main research contents and results are as follows: (1) The monitoring results of the organic matter and the effective trace element nutrient content of 2059 soil samples taken in the mountain pavilion in Zaozhuang City in 2011 show that the effective manganese meets the normal distribution, the soil organic matter and the effective trace elements of the soil are of medium variation degree, the average value of the soil organic matter is 125.54g/ kg, the effective manganese average value is 24.59mg/ kg, The mean value of effective zinc is 0.39mg/ kg, the average of water-soluble boron is 0.38mg/ kg, the average effective copper is 1. 25mg/ kg, the average effective iron is 20. 24mg/ kg, and the effective zinc (the critical value is 20g/ kg), the effective zinc (the critical value of 1.0mg/ kg) and the water-soluble boron (the critical value of 0.5mg/ kg) are lower than the critical value. The content of effective manganese (critical value of 15mg/ kg), effective copper (critical value of 1. 0mg/ kg) and effective iron (critical value of 1. 0mg/ kg) is higher than the critical value, and the organic matter in soil is at a lack of level, indicating that the soil fertility in the study area is low; in the trace elements, the content of the effective zinc and the water-soluble boron is in a very poor and deficient level, the effective iron and the effective manganese are at a very rich and rich level, and the effective copper is at a moderate or rich level. (2) The semi-variance function analysis of the soil organic matter and the effective trace elements (Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn and B) shows that the ratio of the effective zinc to the base station is equal to 1, the organic matter content of the soil is 0.011, the effective manganese is 0.048, the water-soluble boron is 0.147, the effective copper is 0.092, The effective iron is 0.278, except that the effective zinc is the pure gold effect, the spatial self-correlation of soil organic matter and other effective trace elements is strong, and the structural factors play a leading role. (3) According to the semi-variance theory model and parameters, the coefficient of determination of effective zinc and effective copper is small, and the coefficient of determination of water-soluble boron is 0.605 and 0.651, and the coefficient of determination of water-soluble boron is 0.815, and the coefficient of determination of effective manganese and effective iron is more than 0.9. In particular, the coefficient of determination of iron is 0.984. In conclusion, the coefficient of determination of soil organic matter and effective trace elements of soil is more than 0.6, which can reflect the spatial structure of soil organic matter and soil effective trace elements. (4) According to the spatial analysis, the general kriging results show that the organic matter content in the soil is generally in a block distribution, and the general trend of the distribution is that the southwest is higher than the north-east, and the topography of the mountain pavilion is more consistent; and the spatial distribution of the content of the trace elements in the soil is different. The spatial distribution of the soil water-soluble boron and the effective zinc content is not obviously characterized; the spatial distribution tendency of the effective copper is more obvious, and the overall trend of the distribution is lower than the middle height; The spatial distribution of effective iron and effective manganese in the whole area shows a significant trend in the north and south, but the spatial difference of the effective iron is more obvious. According to the spatial distribution of the soil organic matter and the effective trace elements of the soil, the soil elements in the study area can be divided and managed, and the soil organic matter can be divided into three zones, and the soil effective trace elements can be divided into two nutrient zones. (5) The influencing factors analysis indicated that the soil type, the layer texture, the slope, the type of land use and the type of the landforms had a certain degree of influence on the soil organic matter. The soil type is mainly due to the difference of the soil and the parent material, which influences the high and low of the soil organic matter, and the soil organic matter content is gradually increased as the texture is changed by the sand, the slope is changed from low to high, and the organic matter content of the soil is gradually increased, The difference of the level of the organic matter in different land use types is the main cause of the difference in soil organic matter content in different land use types. The results show that the organic matter content of the soil decreases with the increase of the slope. The influence of the slope on the soil organic matter is different from that of the existing research. There is a certain deviation, which may be related to the human cultivation and other factors. The five internal factors have no obvious influence on the spatial distribution of the effective zinc and the water-soluble boron. The type of land use, the slope and the type of landforms have no obvious influence on the spatial distribution of the effective copper content, but the soil type and texture have a certain degree of influence on the spatial distribution of the effective copper content. in addition to that slope, the effective iron and the effective manganese show different influence on the effective iron and the effective manganese, and the effect of the effective iron is particularly obvious. the slope has no obvious influence on the content of the effective elements of the soil, has a certain influence on the effective iron, and can be influenced by the randomness factors such as crop, fertilization, management level and the like on the scale of the experimental sampling due to the moderate spatial correlation of the effective iron, so that the effective iron and other effective trace elements show different differences under the influence of the slope.
【学位授予单位】：山东农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S153.6

【参考文献】