降雨强度和坡度对黑土区土质道路路面侵蚀特征的影响

发布时间：2018-12-10 16:24

【摘要】：选取3种东北黑土区有代表性的侵蚀性降雨(60,90,120mm/h)和3个典型坡度(3°,5°和7°),采用模拟降雨试验方法,研究不同降雨强度和坡度下黑土区土质道路路面径流量、侵蚀量以及产流产沙过程的变化特征。结果表明:不同降雨强度和坡度试验处理的径流量主要变化于56.3~61.8mm;而路面侵蚀速率随降雨强度和坡度的增加分别增大1.8~11.0倍和1.2~10.0倍,且二者相互促进,共同影响土质道路路面土壤侵蚀。此外,降雨强度对黑土区土质道路路面产流率变化过程的影响明显,而坡度的影响较小。随着降雨强度和坡度的增加,含沙量均明显增大,且波动幅度逐渐增强。可见,降雨强度和坡度对黑土区土质道路路面侵蚀影响显著,可以通过消减雨滴动能以及改变路面性质防治道路水土流失。
[Abstract]:Three kinds of representative erosive rainfall (60 ~ 90120mm / h) and three typical slopes (3 掳, 5 掳and 7 掳) in the black soil region of Northeast China were selected, and simulated rainfall test method was used to study the road surface runoff in the black soil area under different rainfall intensity and slope. The characteristics of erosion amount and the process of runoff and sediment yield. The results showed that the runoff of different rainfall intensity and slope was mainly changed from 56.3 mm to 61.8 mm. However, with the increase of rainfall intensity and slope, the pavement erosion rate increases by 1.8% 11.0 times and 1.2% 10.0 times respectively, and the two factors promote each other and affect the soil erosion of soil road surface. In addition, the effect of rainfall intensity on the course of runoff yield of soil road in black soil area is obvious, but the influence of slope is small. With the increase of rainfall intensity and slope, the sediment content increases obviously, and the fluctuation range increases gradually. It can be seen that rainfall intensity and slope have a significant impact on road erosion in black soil area, which can be prevented by reducing the kinetic energy of raindrops and changing the nature of road surface.
【作者单位】：吉林农业大学资源与环境学院吉林省商品粮基地土壤资源可持续利用重点实验室;水利部松辽水利委员会;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(41601281) 国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2014ZX07201011) 水土保持业务—松辽流域全国水土流失动态监测与公告项目(126205012000150001) 吉林农业大学博士启动基金项目(201636)
【分类号】：S157.1

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