减氮配施有机肥对滴灌棉田土壤生物学性状与团聚体特性的影响

发布时间：2018-12-12 20:30

【摘要】：本文通过新疆绿洲棉田连续4年定位施肥试验,研究了不同处理[对照CK、常规化肥CF、减氮配施普通有机肥OF(80%CF+OF和60%CF+OF)、减氮配施生物有机肥BF(80%CF+BF和60%CF+BF)]对土壤生物学性状和团聚体特性的影响,探讨了土壤生物学性状与有机碳及团聚体之间的关系.结果表明:与单施化肥(CF)相比,配施生物有机肥的80%CF+BF和60%CF+BF处理均可显著提高土壤脲酶、碱性磷酸酶、蔗糖酶、β-葡萄糖苷酶、多酚氧化酶和芳基硫酸酯酶活性,其增幅分别为55.6%~84.0%、53.1%~74.0%、15.1%~38.0%、38.2%~68.0%、29.6%~52.0%和35.4%~58.9%,高量配施有机肥效果优于低量配施.各施肥处理明显提高了土壤基础呼吸,具体表现为BFOFCFCK.与CF相比,60%CF+BF处理的土壤有机碳、微生物生物量碳分别增加22.3%和43.5%,但微生物生物量碳氮比显著下降.0.25 mm的水稳性团聚体在配施普通有机肥的80%CF+OF、60%CF+OF处理比对照(CK)分别增加7.1%和8.0%.80%CF+BF处理较80%CF+OF处理机械稳定性团聚体的几何平均直径(GMD)增加了9.2%.冗余(RDA)分析和聚类分析均表明,减氮增碳可明显调控滴灌棉田土壤生物活性与团聚体结构.连续4年化肥减量配施有机肥或生物有机肥,提高了土壤有机碳含量,并对团聚体稳定性和生物学性状有协同改善效应,是维持与提升绿洲滴灌棉田土壤肥力的有效途径.
[Abstract]:The effects of different treatments[control CK, conventional chemical fertilizer CF, nitrogen-reducing and application of common organic fertilizer OF (80% CF + OF and 60% CF + OF), nitrogen reduction and application of bio-organic fertilizer BF (80% CF + BF and 60% CF + BF)] on the characteristics of soil and the properties of the aggregates were studied in this paper through the four-year location and fertilization test of the cotton field in oasis in Xinjiang. The relationship between the biological characters of soil and the organic carbon and the aggregates was discussed. The results showed that 80% CF + BF and 60% CF + BF in the application of bio-organic fertilizer could significantly increase the activity of soil enzyme, alkaline phosphatase, sucrase, yeast-grape saccharin, polyphenoloxidase and arylsulfatase, and its growth rate was 55. 6%-84.0%, 53. 1% ~ 74. 0%, 15. 1% ~ 38. 0%, respectively, compared with the single-application chemical fertilizer (CF). 38. 2% ~ 68. 0%, 29. 6% ~ 52. 0% and 35. 4% ~ 58. 9%. The soil basic respiration was obviously improved by each fertilization treatment, as shown in the BFOFCFCK. Compared with CF, the soil organic carbon and microbial biomass of 60% CF + BF respectively increased by 22. 3% and 43.5%, respectively, but the microbial biomass C/ N ratio decreased significantly. The geometric mean diameter (GMD) of 80% CF + BF treated by 80% CF + BF at 80% CF + OF treated with 80% CF + OF was increased by 90.2%, respectively. The analysis of the redundancy (RDA) and the cluster analysis show that the nitrogen-reducing carbon-increasing carbon can obviously control the soil biological activity and the aggregate structure of the drip irrigation cotton field. It is an effective way to maintain and improve the soil fertility of the drip irrigation cotton field in the oasis by applying the organic fertilizer or the bio-organic fertilizer to the chemical fertilizer in the last four years, improving the soil organic carbon content and the synergistic effect of the stability and the biological character of the aggregate.
【作者单位】：新疆生产建设兵团绿洲生态农业重点试验室/石河子大学农学院;
【基金】：国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201503116-14)资助~~
【分类号】：S151.9;S562

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