不同调理剂对酸性土壤降酸效果及大麦幼苗生长的影响

发布时间：2018-12-15 02:38

【摘要】：采用土壤培养及盆栽试验研究5种调理剂(生石灰、油菜秸秆、有机肥、钾硅肥、土壤改良剂,用量均为1.8 g/kg)对酸性土壤(pH值3.9)酸度指标和大麦幼苗生长的影响。土壤培养试验结果表明,施用生石灰、有机肥和钾硅肥均能明显提高土壤pH值,降低土壤交换性酸总量、交换性H+和交换性铝含量。其中以生石灰降酸效果最好,到培养第90 d,相比于对照处理提高了0.66个单位,土壤交换性铝含量减少了2.01 cmol/kg;其次是有机肥和钾硅肥处理,pH值较对照处理分别提高了0.14和0.15,土壤交换性铝含量分别降低了0.23和0.19cmol/kg;油菜秸秆和土壤改良剂处理从酸度指标来看,与对照并没有显著差异。大麦幼苗盆栽试验结果表明,与对照相比,生石灰、油菜秸秆、有机肥、钾硅肥和土壤改良剂处理的大麦幼苗地上部生物量分别增加71.5%、24.1%、27.6%、28.2%、24.7%,大麦株高、根长、根系总表面积和根系活力均显著高于对照处理,根系平均直径减少,有利于养分和水分的吸收。综合结果表明,不同类型的调理剂对酸性土壤的降酸效果不尽相同,其中以生石灰效果最好,秸秆处理尽管没有有效降低土壤酸度但仍可明显促进作物生长,因此也可用作酸性土壤的改良物质,在实际生产中应因地制宜应用各种调节物质来促进作物生长。
[Abstract]:Soil culture and pot experiment were used to study five kinds of conditioning agents (quicklime, rape straw, organic fertilizer, potassium and silicon fertilizer, soil improver). The effects of 1. 8 g/kg) on acidity index of acid soil (pH 3. 9) and growth of barley seedlings were studied. The results of soil culture test showed that the application of quicklime, organic fertilizer and potassium silicon fertilizer could significantly increase the pH value of soil, and reduce the total exchangeable acid, exchangeable H and exchangeable aluminum content in soil. The acid reduction effect of quicklime was the best. By the 90th day of culture, the content of exchangeable aluminum in soil was decreased by 2.01 cmol/kg; compared with the control treatment, and increased by 0.66 units. Secondly, organic fertilizer and potassium silicon fertilizer treatment, the pH value increased by 0.14 and 0.15, the content of exchangeable aluminum in soil decreased 0.23 and 0.19 cmol / kg, respectively, compared with the control treatment, the content of exchangeable aluminum in soil decreased by 0.23 and 0.19 cmol / kg, respectively. The treatment of rape straw and soil modifier had no significant difference from the control in terms of acidity index. The results of pot experiment of barley seedlings showed that the aboveground biomass of barley seedlings treated with quicklime, rape straw, organic fertilizer, potassium and silicon fertilizer and soil improver increased by 71.5% 24.1% and 27.6%, respectively. The plant height, root length, root total surface area and root activity of barley were significantly higher than that of the control, and the mean diameter of root decreased, which was beneficial to the absorption of nutrients and water. The comprehensive results showed that different types of conditioning agents had different effects on acid soil, among which quicklime had the best effect, and straw treatment could significantly promote crop growth, although it could not effectively reduce the acidity of soil. Therefore, it can also be used as an improved substance in acid soil, which should be adapted to local conditions to promote crop growth.
【作者单位】： 华中农业大学资源与环境学院/农业部长江中下游耕地保育重点实验室;湖北省恩施州土壤肥料工作站;
【基金】：“十二五”国家科技支撑计划课题(2014BAD11B03) 国家测土配方施肥补贴资金项目(财农[2009]211号) 恩施州科技计划项目(XYJ2014000039)
【分类号】：S156.6;S512.3
，

本文编号：2379808