亚热带耕地土壤酸化程度差异及影响因素

发布时间：2018-12-15 15:15

【摘要】：准确揭示区域耕地土壤酸化程度及其原因对于耕地质量提升和农业可持续发展具有重要意义。本研究利用地处亚热带的福建省1982年36 777个和2008年236 445个耕地表层土壤调查样点属性建立的1∶25万耕地土壤数据库,借助GIS技术与灰色斜率关联分析模型探讨了26年间全省耕地土壤酸化程度及其原因,为省域耕地土壤酸性调控提供科学依据。结果表明:1982—2008年间福建省67.60%的耕地土壤发生不同程度酸化,其中强度、中度和弱度酸化面积分别占全省耕地总面积的0.83%、18.26%和48.52%。就行政区域差异而言,强度酸化耕地主要分布在龙岩市,占全省强度酸化耕地总面积的86.88%,其次为泉州市,占比为8.39%;中度酸化耕地主要分布在南平市、龙岩市和泉州市,分别占全省中度酸化耕地总面积的29.88%、18.10%和16.94%,弱度酸化耕地则遍布全省各县市区。从土壤类型差异来看,潜育水稻土、渗育水稻土和酸性紫色土亚类的酸化面积比例较大,分别占相应亚类总面积的82.87%、72.37%和69.20%;但渗育和潴育水稻土亚类的酸化程度较为严重,强度、中度和弱度酸化的渗育和潴育水稻土面积分别占全省耕地相应酸化程度总面积的98.94%、84.51%和87.36%。从土地利用类型差异分析,水田和水浇地的酸化面积比例较高,分别占相应利用类型总面积的70.35%和60.78%。灰色斜率关联分析模型分析表明,1982—2008年间酸雨、高温多雨气候及化肥大量施用是引起福建省耕地土壤酸化的主要外因,故严控工业含硫等酸性废气排放进而控制酸雨和合理调整施肥结构是减缓全省耕地土壤酸化的必要途径。
[Abstract]:It is of great significance to reveal the degree of acidification of regional cultivated land and its causes for the improvement of cultivated land quality and the sustainable development of agriculture. In this study, the soil database of 1: 250 000 cultivated land was established by using the attributes of 36,777 plots in 1982 and 236,445 in 2008 in Fujian Province, which is located in the subtropics. With the help of GIS technology and grey slope correlation analysis model, the acidification degree of cultivated land and its causes in the province during the past 26 years were discussed, which provided a scientific basis for the regulation and control of the acidity of cultivated land in the province. The results showed that from 1982 to 2008, 67.60% of the cultivated land soils in Fujian Province were acidified to varying degrees, and the intensity, moderate and weak acidification areas accounted for 0.833% and 48.52% of the total cultivated land area of Fujian Province, respectively. In terms of administrative regional differences, intensity acidified cultivated land is mainly distributed in Longyan City, accounting for 86.88% of the total area of intensively acidified cultivated land in the whole province, followed by Quanzhou City (8.39%). Moderate acidified cultivated land is mainly distributed in Nanping City, Longyan City and Quanzhou City, which account for 29.8818.10% and 16.94% of the total area of moderately acidified cultivated land respectively. According to the difference of soil types, the proportion of acidified area in latent paddy soil, percolation paddy soil and acid purple soil was larger, accounting for 72.37% and 69.20% of the total area of corresponding subclasses, respectively. However, the acidification degree of the subtypes of percolation and waterlogged paddy soil was more serious, and the area of infiltration and waterlogged paddy soil with moderate and weak acidification accounted for 98.94% and 87.36% of the corresponding acidification degree of cultivated land in the whole province, respectively. The proportion of acidified area in paddy field and irrigated land was 70.35% and 60.78% respectively. The analysis of grey slope correlation model showed that acid rain, high temperature and rainy climate and heavy application of chemical fertilizer were the main external causes of soil acidification in Fujian Province during 1982-2008. Therefore, it is necessary to control acid rain and adjust fertilizer structure to reduce acidification of cultivated land in the province.
【作者单位】：福建农林大学资源与环境学院;土壤环境健康与调控福建省重点实验室;中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所;
【基金】：福建省高校杰出青年科研人才计划基金(JA13093)资助~~
【分类号】：S156.6

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