钙泥、镁泥的肥料化利用研究

发布时间：2018-12-21 18:22

【摘要】：本论文通过室内培养试验和温室盆栽试验研究了硝基化肥工业废弃物钙泥和镁泥对3种不同土壤(砖红壤、红壤和石灰性褐土)化学性质的影响以及与泥炭和化肥配施对2种不同土壤的肥力和第二茬作物玉米苗期生长的影响。以期为钙泥、镁泥农业资源化利用提供依据。(1)室内培养试验结果表明：不同用量钙泥、镁泥均不同程度地提高了三种土壤的pH值,且以镁泥对砖红壤pH值的提高幅度最大;不同用量钙泥、镁泥处理可提高砖红壤有机质含量,但增幅较小,而红壤、石灰性褐土有机质含量随钙泥、镁泥添加量增加呈降低趋势；不同用量钙泥、镁泥略提高了红壤和砖红壤全N含量,但高量钙泥、镁泥显著降低了石灰性褐土全N含量;低量钙泥、镁泥提高了红壤、石灰性褐土有效P含量,高量镁泥提高了砖红壤有效P含量;红壤、砖红壤速效K含量随钙泥添加量的增加而降低,但对石灰性褐土影响不显著。3种土壤水溶性钙、镁和活性铁、铝、锰含量均随钙泥、镁泥添加量的增加而增加,这主要与钙泥、镁泥本身的性质有关。总体来说,镁泥对土壤pH和有效P含量的影响大于钙泥,而钙泥对土壤中水溶性Ca, Mg和活性Fe、Al、 Mn含量影响较镁泥大。钙泥、镁泥对酸性土壤具有良好的改良效果。(2)盆栽试验结果表明：不同施肥处理对2种土壤有机质、全氮、有效P含量、石灰性褐土速效K含量以及2种土壤上第二茬作物玉米苗期根干重与广州菜园土上种植的第二茬作物玉米苗期株高和株干重等的影响差异达显著水平,而对2种土壤pH值和广州菜园土速效K含量以及石灰性褐土上种植的第二茬作物玉米苗期株高和株干重等的影响差异不显著。其中,以P1+Ca6+W处理广州菜园土种植的第二茬作物玉米苗期株干重和根干重较CK增幅均为最大,分别增加40.6%和45.8%,P2+Ca5+W处理的株高增幅最大,为31.3%。P2+Ca5+W和P2+Mg5+W处理广州菜园土有机质含量较CK增幅最大,分别为45.9%和44.9%。全部施肥处理石灰性褐土全氮含量较CK均提高,其中P3+Mg4+W处理较CK提高最大,为34.3%。钙镁泥配施下2种土壤有效P含量较CK均显著提高,分别提高48.9%-232.5%和150.1%-189.8%,无机肥处理广州菜园土有效P较CK也显著提高,为141.3%。钙镁泥配施处理石灰性褐土有效K较CK显著提高了18.7%-33.8%。可见,钙泥、镁泥与泥炭、无机肥配施对土壤肥力的后效大于单施无机肥,且对广州菜园土的后效大于对石灰性褐土。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the effects of calcium and magnesium sludge on three different soils (latosol) were studied in laboratory and greenhouse. Effects of chemical properties of red soil and calcareous cinnamon soil and effects of combined application with peat and chemical fertilizer on fertility of two different soils and seedling growth of maize in the second crop. In order to provide the basis for the agricultural utilization of calcium mud and magnesium mud. (1) the results of indoor culture experiment showed that the pH values of three kinds of soils were increased to different extent by different amounts of calcium mud and magnesium mud. The increase of pH value in latosol by magnesium mud was the largest. The content of organic matter in lateritic red soil was increased by different amount of calcium mud and magnesium mud, but the increase was small, while the content of organic matter in calcareous cinnamon soil decreased with the increase of calcium mud. The total N content of red soil and latosol was slightly increased by magnesium mud, but the total N content of calcareous cinnamon soil was significantly decreased by magnesium mud with high calcium content. The available P content of calcareous cinnamon soil was increased by low amount of calcium mud and magnesium mud, and the available P content of latosol was increased by high amount of magnesium mud. The available K content of red soil and latosol decreased with the increase of calcium sludge, but had no significant effect on calcareous cinnamon soil. The contents of water-soluble calcium, magnesium, active iron, aluminum and manganese in three soils increased with the increase of calcium mud and magnesium sludge addition. This is mainly related to the nature of the calcium mud and the magnesium mud itself. In general, the effect of magnesium mud on the content of pH and available P in soil was greater than that on calcium mud, but the effect of calcium mud on the content of water-soluble Ca, Mg and active Fe,Al, Mn in soil was greater than that in magnesium mud. The results of pot experiment showed that the organic matter, total nitrogen and available P contents of two kinds of soil were affected by different fertilization treatments. The difference of available K content in calcareous cinnamon soil and root dry weight of maize at seedling stage between the two soils and the plant height and dry weight of maize in the second crop planted in Guangzhou vegetable garden soil was significant. However, there was no significant difference in pH value of two soils, available K content in Guangzhou vegetable garden soil, plant height and dry weight of maize in seedling stage of the second crop planted on calcareous cinnamon soil. Among them, the increase of plant dry weight and root dry weight of the second crop of maize planted with P1 Ca6 W in Guangzhou vegetable garden soil at seedling stage was the largest compared with that of CK, and the plant height increased by 40.6% and 45.8% respectively in the treatment of P2 Ca5 W, respectively. The content of organic matter in Guangzhou vegetable garden soil treated with 31.3%.P2 Ca5 W and P2 Mg5 W was 45.9% and 44.9%, respectively, which was higher than that of CK. The total nitrogen content of calcareous cinnamon soil under all fertilization treatments was higher than that of CK, and P3 Mg4 W treatment had the highest increase compared with CK treatment, which was 34. 3% of the total nitrogen content in calcareous cinnamon soil. Compared with CK, the available P contents of the two soils increased significantly by 48.9% -232.5% and 150.1% -189.8%, respectively. The available P in the inorganic fertilizer treatment of Guangzhou vegetable garden soil was also significantly higher than that of CK (141.3%). The available K of calcareous cinnamon treated with calcium and magnesium mud was significantly higher than that of CK. It can be seen that the combined application of calcium mud, magnesium mud and peat, inorganic fertilizer has more effect on soil fertility than that on only inorganic fertilizer, and on Guangzhou vegetable garden soil, the latter effect is greater than that on calcareous cinnamon soil.
【学位授予单位】：山西农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：S141.6

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