火力楠、马尾松人工林土壤碳氮转化与土壤微生物群落结构关系的研究
发布时间：2018-12-30 14:05
【摘要】：在不同的类型的林分中,存在着林分凋落物、林层结构的差异以及植物根系的类型等限制因素,影响着土壤理化性质,土层结构的形成,并限制着植物与土壤间相互关系。因此,需要结合生态与植物学方面的知识对人工林生态系统特征展开分析与研究尤为必要。伴随着全球气候变暖,CO2浓度上升、氮沉降的形成、极端气候的加剧严重影响着森林生态系统的物质循环。为此,本研究对广西壮族自治区国有七坡林场后山选取了立地条件相似、物种相近的三种人工林(火力楠、马尾松纯林及马尾松火力楠混交人工林)为研究对象,通过土壤理化分析、气压过程分离技术(Ba PS)了解土壤碳氮转化过程,以及结合磷脂脂肪酸技术(PLFA)探讨土壤微生物群落结构特征,结果如下：(1)随着季节的变化,三个试验人工林土壤呼吸和总硝化速率存在着密切相关(p0.05),2014年9月到2015年7月呈先降低后升高的过程,在2015年1月的旱季达到最低值,分别为2.63 mg C kg-1 SDW d-1和0.34 mg N kg-1 SDW d-1,在2015年7月的雨季达到最高,分别为22.44 mg C kg-1 SDW d-1和1.23mg N kg-1 SDW d-1。土壤呼吸与土壤温度存在极显著相关(p0.01),与土壤湿度之间存在显著相关关系(p0.05),而总硝化速率与土壤湿度之间有极显著相关(p0.01),与土壤温度关系密切(p0.05)；土壤全氮、铵态氮和硝态氮等指标与土壤碳氮转化作用呈显著的相关性(p0.05),受到土壤环境因子影响明显。在三种林分中,由于火力楠凋落叶较多,根系发达,促进了林分物质的循环效率,得出火力楠人工林土壤呼吸和总硝化速率显著高于其他类型林分(p0.05)。在对土壤环境指标相关性分析表明,土壤呼吸、总硝化速率和Q10值均受到了土壤因子、气候因子和环境因子显著的影响。(2)根据旱季、雨季三种人工林的PLFAs量的测定,总结得出了,旱季相对雨季变化值,放线菌提升最高,提升了229.5%,其次为细菌,提升了176.1%,最低为真菌,仅提升了158.1%(p0.05)。在比较土壤微生物试验得出,旱季的土壤微生物值大小变化为：马尾松林混交林火力楠林；雨季的土壤微生物值大小变化为：火力楠林混交林马尾松林。主成分分析结果表明,林分种类与季节因子显著影响森林土壤微生物群落结构类型。随之,结合了冗余分析表明：单个特征磷脂脂肪酸在不同的人工林中,受到了土壤温湿度、p H值等土壤环境因子的影响；在土壤理化性质分析,得出单个特征磷脂脂肪酸与土壤氮含量存在密切相关,与全氮和铵态氮含量呈正相关(p0.05)；另外,在不同的季节中,三个林分土壤真菌/细菌比变化大小为：混交林(1.23：1)马尾松林(1.20：1)火力楠林(1.09：1)(p0.05),表明火力楠与马尾松混交能够保证土壤生态系统具备了较好的稳定性。
[Abstract]:In different types of stands, there are some limiting factors, such as litter, the difference of forest structure and the type of plant root, which affect the physical and chemical properties of soil, the formation of soil structure, and the relationship between plant and soil. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze and study the characteristics of artificial forest ecosystem with the knowledge of ecology and botany. With the global warming, the increase of CO2 concentration, the formation of nitrogen deposition, and the aggravation of extreme climate, the material cycle of forest ecosystem is seriously affected. Therefore, three plantations (firewood, pure Pinus massoniana forest and mixed plantation of Pinus massoniana) with similar site conditions and similar species were selected in the backhill of Guoqipo Forest Farm in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous region. Through soil physical and chemical analysis, atmospheric pressure process separation (Ba PS) technique to understand soil carbon and nitrogen conversion process, and combined with phospholipid fatty acid technology (PLFA) to explore the soil microbial community structure characteristics, the results are as follows: (1) with the seasonal change, Soil respiration and total nitrification rate of the three experimental plantations were closely related (p0.05). From September 2014 to July 2015, the soil respiration and total nitrification rate increased from September 2014 to July 2015, and reached the lowest value in the dry season in January 2015. It was 2.63 mg C kg-1 SDW d-1 and 0.34 mg N kg-1 SDW d-1, and reached the highest in July 2015, with 22.44 mg C kg-1 SDW d-1 and 1.23mg N kg-1 SDW d-1, respectively. Soil respiration was significantly correlated with soil temperature (p0.01), soil moisture was significantly correlated (p0.05), and total nitrification rate was significantly correlated with soil moisture (p0.01). It was closely related to soil temperature (p0.05); Soil total nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen were significantly correlated with soil carbon and nitrogen conversion (p0.05), which were significantly affected by soil environmental factors. Among the three stands, the soil respiration and total nitrification rate of Photinia mandshurica plantation were significantly higher than those of other types of stands (p0.05), because of the abundance of litter leaves and the developed root system, which promoted the cycling efficiency of the forest material. The correlation analysis of soil environmental indexes showed that soil respiration, total nitrification rate and Q10 value were significantly affected by soil factors, climate factors and environmental factors. (2) according to the PLFAs content of three artificial forests in dry season and rainy season, the soil respiration, total nitrification rate and Q10 value were determined. The results showed that actinomycetes had the highest elevation of 229.5in the dry season, followed by bacteria (176.1%) and fungi (158.1%) (p0.05). The results of soil microorganism test showed that the soil microbial value in dry season was changed as follows: Pinus massoniana mixed forest firewood and rainy season soil microbial value changed as follows: firewood mixed forest Masson pine forest. The results of principal component analysis showed that stand species and seasonal factors significantly affected the structure of forest soil microbial communities. The results of redundancy analysis showed that the single characteristic phospholipid fatty acids were affected by soil environmental factors such as, p H value of soil temperature and humidity in different plantations. In the analysis of soil physical and chemical properties, it was found that the single characteristic phospholipid fatty acid was closely related to soil nitrogen content, and positively correlated with total nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen content (p0.05). In addition, in different seasons, the ratio of soil fungi to bacteria in three stands varied as follows: mixed forest (1.23: 1), Pinus massoniana forest (1.20: 1), firewood forest (1.09: 1) (p0.05), The results showed that the soil ecosystem was stable in the mixture of fiery and Pinus massoniana (Pinus massoniana).
【学位授予单位】：广西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S714
本文编号：2395678
[Abstract]:In different types of stands, there are some limiting factors, such as litter, the difference of forest structure and the type of plant root, which affect the physical and chemical properties of soil, the formation of soil structure, and the relationship between plant and soil. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze and study the characteristics of artificial forest ecosystem with the knowledge of ecology and botany. With the global warming, the increase of CO2 concentration, the formation of nitrogen deposition, and the aggravation of extreme climate, the material cycle of forest ecosystem is seriously affected. Therefore, three plantations (firewood, pure Pinus massoniana forest and mixed plantation of Pinus massoniana) with similar site conditions and similar species were selected in the backhill of Guoqipo Forest Farm in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous region. Through soil physical and chemical analysis, atmospheric pressure process separation (Ba PS) technique to understand soil carbon and nitrogen conversion process, and combined with phospholipid fatty acid technology (PLFA) to explore the soil microbial community structure characteristics, the results are as follows: (1) with the seasonal change, Soil respiration and total nitrification rate of the three experimental plantations were closely related (p0.05). From September 2014 to July 2015, the soil respiration and total nitrification rate increased from September 2014 to July 2015, and reached the lowest value in the dry season in January 2015. It was 2.63 mg C kg-1 SDW d-1 and 0.34 mg N kg-1 SDW d-1, and reached the highest in July 2015, with 22.44 mg C kg-1 SDW d-1 and 1.23mg N kg-1 SDW d-1, respectively. Soil respiration was significantly correlated with soil temperature (p0.01), soil moisture was significantly correlated (p0.05), and total nitrification rate was significantly correlated with soil moisture (p0.01). It was closely related to soil temperature (p0.05); Soil total nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen were significantly correlated with soil carbon and nitrogen conversion (p0.05), which were significantly affected by soil environmental factors. Among the three stands, the soil respiration and total nitrification rate of Photinia mandshurica plantation were significantly higher than those of other types of stands (p0.05), because of the abundance of litter leaves and the developed root system, which promoted the cycling efficiency of the forest material. The correlation analysis of soil environmental indexes showed that soil respiration, total nitrification rate and Q10 value were significantly affected by soil factors, climate factors and environmental factors. (2) according to the PLFAs content of three artificial forests in dry season and rainy season, the soil respiration, total nitrification rate and Q10 value were determined. The results showed that actinomycetes had the highest elevation of 229.5in the dry season, followed by bacteria (176.1%) and fungi (158.1%) (p0.05). The results of soil microorganism test showed that the soil microbial value in dry season was changed as follows: Pinus massoniana mixed forest firewood and rainy season soil microbial value changed as follows: firewood mixed forest Masson pine forest. The results of principal component analysis showed that stand species and seasonal factors significantly affected the structure of forest soil microbial communities. The results of redundancy analysis showed that the single characteristic phospholipid fatty acids were affected by soil environmental factors such as, p H value of soil temperature and humidity in different plantations. In the analysis of soil physical and chemical properties, it was found that the single characteristic phospholipid fatty acid was closely related to soil nitrogen content, and positively correlated with total nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen content (p0.05). In addition, in different seasons, the ratio of soil fungi to bacteria in three stands varied as follows: mixed forest (1.23: 1), Pinus massoniana forest (1.20: 1), firewood forest (1.09: 1) (p0.05), The results showed that the soil ecosystem was stable in the mixture of fiery and Pinus massoniana (Pinus massoniana).
【学位授予单位】：广西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S714
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