菱角萤叶甲交配行为研究
发布时间：2018-12-31 13:30
【摘要】：菱角萤叶甲Galerucella birmanica Jacoby属于鞘翅目、叶甲科、萤叶甲亚科、小萤叶甲属,是菱角上的主要害虫,给菱角的安全生产带来很大威胁。明确菱角萤叶甲交配行为对于预测种群发展趋势有重要作用,同时为该害虫的控制提供必要的理论基础。本文探索了多次交配对菱角萤叶甲雌虫适合度的影响和雌虫对交配对象的选择,初步探究了菱角萤叶甲雄性竞争的可塑性反应,研究结果总结如下:1、在未暴露在雄虫条件下,多次交配显著增加了雌虫的总产卵量和日平均产卵量,交配1次以及交配5次的雌虫总产卵量分别为404.31粒和674.62粒;多次交配同时也提高了卵的孵化率,特别是在产卵后期,单次交配雌虫的卵孵化率在30.00%以下,而5次交配雌虫卵孵化率达90.00%以上。然而,在暴露在雄虫条件下,随着交配次数的增加,雌虫的寿命显著缩短,单头雌虫与4头雄虫一起饲养,其寿命显著短于单独饲养的雌虫和1雌1雄一起饲养的雌虫,同时总产卵量也表现出明显差异,与4头雄虫一起饲养的雌虫其总产卵量不到单独饲养雌虫的一半;在整个试验阶段中,暴露于雄虫对雌虫卵的孵化率没有显著影响。以上结果表明,多次交配对于雌虫达到最佳生殖量是必要的,但是雄虫干扰会降低雌虫通过多次交配获得的生殖利益。2、通过雌虫对雄虫个体大小、日龄以及交配经历的选择试验发现,与不同大小的雄虫交配后雌虫的交配率差异不显著,总产卵量没有显著差异,平均产卵量没有显著差异,卵的孵化率也没有显著差异;与不同日龄雄虫交配后雌虫的交配率差异不显著,总产卵量没有显著差异,日平均产卵量差异不显著,卵的孵化率也没有显著差异;与不同交配经历雄虫交配后雌虫的交配率差异不显著,总产卵量没有显著差异,日平均产卵量差异不显著。以上结果表明,雌虫在选择交配对象时,对雄虫的大小、日龄以及交配经历没有明显偏爱。3、多次交配在昆虫中广泛存在,这会导致雄性对交配权的竞争和精子对受精权的竞争。本部分工作研究了不同种群密度下菱角萤叶甲雄虫之间竞争的可塑性反应,结果表明雄虫对雌虫的反应时间(从遇到雌虫到开始交配的时长)随着成虫期生活密度的增加而增加,但与幼虫期的生活密度没有显著关系;交配时长未受到幼虫期生活密度以及成虫期竞争者数量的影响;雄虫精子数量与雄虫幼虫期生活密度以及成虫期竞争者数量无关;但雄成虫附腺蛋白含量受到幼虫期生活密度以及成虫期竞争者数量的影响,密度越高、竞争者越多雄成虫附腺蛋白含量越多。因此,菱角萤叶甲雄虫可能会根据幼年以及成年后的生存环境对生殖行为和生殖生理做出相应调整,以达到生殖利益最大化。
[Abstract]:Galerucella birmanica Jacoby belongs to Coleoptera, Phyllostachidae, Flamyphyllidae and Phellodendron. It is a major pest in the hornwort, which poses a great threat to the safe production of the hornwort. It is clear that mating behavior plays an important role in the prediction of population trend and provides the necessary theoretical basis for the control of this pest. In this paper, the effects of multiple mating on the suitability of female beetles and the selection of mating objects were explored. The plasticity of male competition was preliminarily explored. The results were summarized as follows: 1. Under the condition of unexposed male, multiple mating significantly increased the total oviposition and the average daily oviposition of females. The total spawning numbers of females were 404.31 and 674.62 respectively when they were mated once and 5 times, respectively. Multiple mating also increased the hatching rate of eggs, especially in the late stage of oviposition, the hatching rate of single mating females was less than 30.00%, and the hatching rate of five times mating female eggs was more than 90.00%. However, with the increase of mating times, the longevity of female was significantly shortened when exposed to male, and the lifespan of single female was significantly shorter than that of female fed alone and 1 female and 1 male. At the same time, the total oviposition quantity also showed obvious difference. The total egg laying quantity of female raised with 4 males was less than half of that of female rearing alone. During the whole experiment period, the hatching rate of female eggs was not significantly affected by exposure to male worms. The results show that multiple mating is necessary for the female to reach the optimal reproductive quantity, but the male interference will reduce the reproductive benefits of the female through multiple mating. 2. The selection test of age and mating experience showed that there was no significant difference in mating rate between female and male after mating with different size, but there was no significant difference in total spawning amount, average oviposition and hatching rate. There was no significant difference in mating rate between male and female after mating with different day old, but there was no significant difference in total egg laying, no significant difference in average egg laying per day, and no significant difference in hatching rate of eggs. There was no significant difference in mating rate between male and female after mating with different mating experiences, but there was no significant difference in total oviposition, and there was no significant difference in average oviposition per day. The results showed that females had no obvious preference for the size, age and mating experience of males in the selection of mating objects. 3. This can lead to male competition for mating rights and sperm competition for fertilization rights. In this part, we studied the plasticity of competition between male and female beetles under different population densities. The results showed that the response time of male to female increased with the increase of adult life density, but had no significant relationship with larval life density. The length of mating was not affected by the density of larval life and the number of adult competitors, but the number of male spermatozoa was not related to the density of male larvae and the number of adult competitors. However, the content of accessory adenosin of male adult was affected by the density of larval stage and the number of competitors in adult stage. The higher the density, the more the content of accessory gland protein of male adult. Therefore, the male may adjust reproductive behavior and physiology according to the living environment of young and adult to maximize the reproductive benefits.
【学位授予单位】：华中农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S433.5
本文编号：2396651
[Abstract]:Galerucella birmanica Jacoby belongs to Coleoptera, Phyllostachidae, Flamyphyllidae and Phellodendron. It is a major pest in the hornwort, which poses a great threat to the safe production of the hornwort. It is clear that mating behavior plays an important role in the prediction of population trend and provides the necessary theoretical basis for the control of this pest. In this paper, the effects of multiple mating on the suitability of female beetles and the selection of mating objects were explored. The plasticity of male competition was preliminarily explored. The results were summarized as follows: 1. Under the condition of unexposed male, multiple mating significantly increased the total oviposition and the average daily oviposition of females. The total spawning numbers of females were 404.31 and 674.62 respectively when they were mated once and 5 times, respectively. Multiple mating also increased the hatching rate of eggs, especially in the late stage of oviposition, the hatching rate of single mating females was less than 30.00%, and the hatching rate of five times mating female eggs was more than 90.00%. However, with the increase of mating times, the longevity of female was significantly shortened when exposed to male, and the lifespan of single female was significantly shorter than that of female fed alone and 1 female and 1 male. At the same time, the total oviposition quantity also showed obvious difference. The total egg laying quantity of female raised with 4 males was less than half of that of female rearing alone. During the whole experiment period, the hatching rate of female eggs was not significantly affected by exposure to male worms. The results show that multiple mating is necessary for the female to reach the optimal reproductive quantity, but the male interference will reduce the reproductive benefits of the female through multiple mating. 2. The selection test of age and mating experience showed that there was no significant difference in mating rate between female and male after mating with different size, but there was no significant difference in total spawning amount, average oviposition and hatching rate. There was no significant difference in mating rate between male and female after mating with different day old, but there was no significant difference in total egg laying, no significant difference in average egg laying per day, and no significant difference in hatching rate of eggs. There was no significant difference in mating rate between male and female after mating with different mating experiences, but there was no significant difference in total oviposition, and there was no significant difference in average oviposition per day. The results showed that females had no obvious preference for the size, age and mating experience of males in the selection of mating objects. 3. This can lead to male competition for mating rights and sperm competition for fertilization rights. In this part, we studied the plasticity of competition between male and female beetles under different population densities. The results showed that the response time of male to female increased with the increase of adult life density, but had no significant relationship with larval life density. The length of mating was not affected by the density of larval life and the number of adult competitors, but the number of male spermatozoa was not related to the density of male larvae and the number of adult competitors. However, the content of accessory adenosin of male adult was affected by the density of larval stage and the number of competitors in adult stage. The higher the density, the more the content of accessory gland protein of male adult. Therefore, the male may adjust reproductive behavior and physiology according to the living environment of young and adult to maximize the reproductive benefits.
【学位授予单位】：华中农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S433.5
【参考文献】
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1 李娟,张耀庭,曾伟,罗璇,廖长春;应用考马斯亮蓝法测定总蛋白含量[J];中国生物制品学杂志;2000年02期
，本文编号：2396651
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