基于GIS的宁安市测土配方施肥系统的设计与研发
发布时间：2019-01-03 10:18
【摘要】：传统的粗放的不科学的施肥方式使农业土壤性状恶化进而导致农业生态环境恶化。采用测土配方施肥技术通过测定土壤养分含量,计算作物需肥量,做到按需施肥,不仅降低了栽培作物时过量施肥现象,将土壤中的化肥残存量减少,减轻了过量施肥对土壤性状的破坏,改善了农业生态环境,进而改善作物品质,还降低农业生产成本,实现增产增收,达到经济、生态、社会效益相统一。在提高工作效率和测土配方施肥技术的覆盖面方面,信息化技术是重要的技术手段。而信息技术的广泛应用,特别是配方施肥系统将全面改善农业生产中粗放的不科学的施肥方式,大大提高农业生产中肥料的量化和精准化程度,使农业耕作由粗放向集约化、精准化方向发展,将信息技术应用于测土配方施肥技术中也是农业信息进村的有益尝试。建立的宁安市测土配方施肥系统解决了施肥工作中属性数据综合管理难、配方方案传播及普及难的问题,其施肥水平精准性和农业作物生产效率得到了很大的提升,加快了传统农业向现代信息农业的转型,并在耕地养分管理技术方面,提供了现实的指导意义。本文以可视化的编程语言C#和GIS软件ArcGIS Server为基础,以宁安市为研究对象,设计县域测土配方施肥系统,研究的主要内容如下:(1)土壤养分数据的分析与处理获取土壤养分数据后,首先要对这些基本数据作出简单的处理,接着要判断搜集到的数据是否符合要求,将符合要求的保留而不符合要求的要进行剔除,其检验判断内容包括异常值检测、趋势分析、空间自相关性及方向效应检测。土壤各类养分空间分布图是基于Kriging插值技术生成的。(2)配方施肥系统数据库建立在构建配方施肥系统数据库前要首先对数据库进行需求分析,确定数据库内包含哪些实体及各实体之间的相互关系。配方施肥系统的数据大体可以分为两类:地理空间数据和辅助资料数据。地理空间数据库的构建方法是根据地理空间数据模型的规则来展开构建的。地理空间数据库实现了对土壤养分数据的精确管理,辅助资料数据实现了进一步解释了系统中的数据。基于第三方Case工具构建项目数据的UML模型,生成玉米、大豆、小麦的配方方方案。(3)构建测土配方施肥模型基于“3414”试验方案,模拟设计试验,获取所需的数据。分析试验数据,研究土壤养分施肥模型,确定了本系统施肥模型主要基于养分平衡法来构建,随后运用统计分析软件SPSS求出模型参数,进一步完善模型。(4)宁安市测土配方施肥系统的研发与集成宁安市测土配方施肥系统的开发平台采用ESRI公司产品ArcGIS Server,编程语言使用C#、Java Script网页设计语言,这些开发平台与语言的运用使得宁安市测土配方施肥系统的开发更合理、更顺利。系统运用科学方法制定施肥方案,提供土壤养分、地力评价、土壤分布、施肥方案的查询,促进了测土配方施肥系统的推广,也使得配方施肥成果真正做到为民所用为民共享。
[Abstract]:The traditional rough and unscientific method of fertilization causes the deterioration of the agricultural soil character and leads to the deterioration of the agricultural ecological environment. The soil nutrient content of the soil is measured by using the soil-measuring formula fertilization technology, the fertilizer amount of the crop is calculated, the fertilizer application is carried out on the basis of the required fertilizer, the fertilizer residual amount in the soil is reduced, the damage to the soil property is reduced, the agricultural ecological environment is improved, the quality of the crops is improved, the production cost of the agriculture is reduced, the production and the income are increased, and the economic, ecological and social benefits are unified. The information technology is an important technical means in improving the working efficiency and measuring the coverage of the soil formula fertilization technology. The wide application of the information technology, in particular the formula fertilization system, will comprehensively improve the unscientific and unscientific fertilization way in the agricultural production, greatly improve the quantitative and precise degree of the fertilizer in the agricultural production, It is also a useful attempt to apply information technology to soil-to-soil formula fertilization. The established fertilization system for the soil-measuring formula of the city of the city solves the problems of difficult comprehensive management of the attribute data in the fertilization work, the propagation of the formula scheme and the difficulty of popularization and the like, the fertilization level accuracy and the agricultural crop production efficiency are greatly improved, the transformation of the traditional agriculture to the modern information agriculture is accelerated, and provides the practical guiding significance in the field of the nutrient management of the cultivated land. Based on the visual programming language C # and GIS software ArcGIS Server, this paper designs a county-level soil-testing formula fertilization system based on the Visual programming language # and GIS software ArcGIS Server. The main contents of this study are as follows: (1) After the analysis and treatment of soil nutrient data get the soil nutrient data, firstly, a simple process is to be carried out on the basic data, Spatial self-correlation and direction effect detection. The spatial distribution of soil nutrients is based on the Kriging interpolation technique. (2) The database of the formula fertilization system is established before the database of the formula fertilization system is constructed, and the database needs to be analyzed firstly, and the relationship between the entities and the entities in the database is determined. The data of the formula fertilization system can be divided into two types: geospatial data and auxiliary data. The construction of the geospatial database is based on the rules of the geospatial data model. The geographic space database realizes the accurate management of the soil nutrient data, and the auxiliary data data realizes the data in the system further. The UML model of project data is constructed based on the third-party Case tool, and the formula of the corn, the soybean and the wheat is generated. and (3) constructing a soil-testing formula fertilization model based on a 鈥，
本文编号：2399239
[Abstract]:The traditional rough and unscientific method of fertilization causes the deterioration of the agricultural soil character and leads to the deterioration of the agricultural ecological environment. The soil nutrient content of the soil is measured by using the soil-measuring formula fertilization technology, the fertilizer amount of the crop is calculated, the fertilizer application is carried out on the basis of the required fertilizer, the fertilizer residual amount in the soil is reduced, the damage to the soil property is reduced, the agricultural ecological environment is improved, the quality of the crops is improved, the production cost of the agriculture is reduced, the production and the income are increased, and the economic, ecological and social benefits are unified. The information technology is an important technical means in improving the working efficiency and measuring the coverage of the soil formula fertilization technology. The wide application of the information technology, in particular the formula fertilization system, will comprehensively improve the unscientific and unscientific fertilization way in the agricultural production, greatly improve the quantitative and precise degree of the fertilizer in the agricultural production, It is also a useful attempt to apply information technology to soil-to-soil formula fertilization. The established fertilization system for the soil-measuring formula of the city of the city solves the problems of difficult comprehensive management of the attribute data in the fertilization work, the propagation of the formula scheme and the difficulty of popularization and the like, the fertilization level accuracy and the agricultural crop production efficiency are greatly improved, the transformation of the traditional agriculture to the modern information agriculture is accelerated, and provides the practical guiding significance in the field of the nutrient management of the cultivated land. Based on the visual programming language C # and GIS software ArcGIS Server, this paper designs a county-level soil-testing formula fertilization system based on the Visual programming language # and GIS software ArcGIS Server. The main contents of this study are as follows: (1) After the analysis and treatment of soil nutrient data get the soil nutrient data, firstly, a simple process is to be carried out on the basic data, Spatial self-correlation and direction effect detection. The spatial distribution of soil nutrients is based on the Kriging interpolation technique. (2) The database of the formula fertilization system is established before the database of the formula fertilization system is constructed, and the database needs to be analyzed firstly, and the relationship between the entities and the entities in the database is determined. The data of the formula fertilization system can be divided into two types: geospatial data and auxiliary data. The construction of the geospatial database is based on the rules of the geospatial data model. The geographic space database realizes the accurate management of the soil nutrient data, and the auxiliary data data realizes the data in the system further. The UML model of project data is constructed based on the third-party Case tool, and the formula of the corn, the soybean and the wheat is generated. and (3) constructing a soil-testing formula fertilization model based on a 鈥，
本文编号：2399239
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