秸秆还田对汉中盆地稻田土壤有机碳组分、碳储量及水稻产量的影响

发布时间：2019-01-05 11:18

【摘要】：为探索稻麦或稻油轮作制下,小麦、油菜秸秆还田对汉中盆地稻田土壤碳库组分的变化,设置小麦秸秆不还田(WSN)、小麦秸秆常规还田(WS)、小麦秸秆促腐还田(WSM)、油菜秸秆不还田(RSN)、油菜秸秆常规还田(RS)、油菜秸秆促腐还田(RSM),共6个处理,通过大田试验研究了不同秸秆类型及还田方式对稻田0—5,5—10,10—15,15—20,20—25cm 5个土壤层次中的土壤容重、总有机碳(TOC)、活性有机碳(LOC)、活性有机碳效率(ACL)、碳储量(SCS)、碳库管理指数(CPMI)及水稻产量的影响。结果表明:秸秆还田显著降低0—15cm土层容重,对15—25cm并未产生显著影响。与不还田相比,秸秆还田明显增加了各层次土壤有机碳库指标含量,但TOC和LOC含量均随土壤深度的增加而减少,两者在0—15cm土层含量较高,具有明显的表层富集现象;与不还田相比,小麦及油菜秸秆还田后可明显增加稻田0—25cm土层中的土壤碳储量(SCS),增幅可达21.9%~23.5%和1.7%~6.7%。不同土层中的LOC、ACL、CPIM对秸秆类型的响应不同,具体表现为小麦秸秆还田(WS、WSM)对0—15cm土层具有显著促进作用,而油菜秸秆还田(RS、RSM)对15—25cm土层中的有显著促进作用。产量方面,秸秆促腐还田模式下(WSM、RSM)水稻产量最高,常规还田模式(WSN、RSN)次之,而不还田时产量最低。相关分析显示0—10cm土壤活性有机碳有效率与水稻产量显著相关。秸秆还田是提高汉中盆地稻田土壤有机碳和产量较为有效的农田管理措施。两种轮作模式下,小麦秸秆全量旋耕还田更有利于固持稻田土壤有机碳和增加水稻产量增加。
[Abstract]:In order to explore the effect of wheat and rape straw returning to the soil carbon pool in Hanzhong basin under rice and wheat or rice tanker system, the conventional return of wheat straw to field (WSN), wheat straw and (WS), wheat straw to field (WSM), could be explored in Hanzhong basin, where wheat straw was not returned to the field, and wheat straw was not returned to field. Rape straw was not returned to field (RSN), rape straw conventional return field (RS), rape straw to promote the return of field (RSM), 6 treatments; Soil bulk density, total organic carbon (TOC),) activity, organic carbon (LOC),) activity and organic carbon efficiency (ACL),) in 5 soil layers of 0-55-10 ~ 10 ~ 10-15 ~ 15 ~ 20 ~ 20 ~ 25 cm in paddy field were studied by field experiment. Effects of carbon Storage (SCS), carbon Pool Management Index (CPMI) and Rice yield. The results showed that straw returning to the field significantly reduced the soil bulk density of 0-15cm, but had no significant effect on 15-25cm. Compared with non-returning soil, straw returning significantly increased soil organic carbon pool index content, but TOC and LOC content decreased with the increase of soil depth. The content of both of them was higher in 0-15cm soil layer and had obvious surface enrichment phenomenon. Compared with those without returning to the field, wheat and rape straw could significantly increase the soil carbon storage in 0-25cm soil layer of paddy field by 21.9% and 1.7% respectively. The response of LOC,ACL,CPIM to straw type in different soil layers is different, which shows that wheat straw returning to field (WS,WSM) has a significant promoting effect on 0-15cm soil layer, while rape straw returning to field (RS,) has significant effect on 0-15cm soil layer. RSM) has a significant effect on the promotion of 15-25cm soil layer. In terms of yield, the yield of rice was the highest in WSM,RSM, followed by conventional return model (WSN,RSN), and the yield was the lowest when straw was not returned to field. Correlation analysis showed that the soil active organic carbon efficiency of 0-10cm was significantly correlated with rice yield. Straw return is an effective farmland management measure to improve soil organic carbon and yield of paddy field in Hanzhong Basin. Under the two rotation patterns, the total rotation tillage of wheat straw was more favorable to sequestration of soil organic carbon and increase of rice yield.
【作者单位】：汉中市农业科学研究所;西北农林科技大学资源环境学院;
【基金】：陕西省科技统筹创新工程计划项目(2015KTCL02-21,2016KTZDNY03-01) 省农业科技创新与攻关项目(2016NY-180)
【分类号】：S153.6;S511

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