全球河流输沙量分布格局及其影响因素

发布时间：2019-01-05 14:39

【摘要】：研究河流输沙量具有重要的理论和实践意义。近60年在气候变化和人类活动日益增强的背景下,全球众多河流输沙量都发生显著变化。基于全球河流输沙量数据库和区域河流输沙量研究成果,从全球尺度对全球河流输沙量现状、输沙量空间分布格局及其影响因素、输沙量变化及其影响因素3方面进行分析研究。结果表明:(1)全球河流年均总输沙量在2×10~(10) t左右,对全球主要36条河流输沙量数据分析表明大多数河流输沙量显著减少;(2)地质地貌条件是河流输沙量控制性因素,气象水文条件和人类活动对河流间输沙量差异的贡献大致相当;(3)对各气候带的代表性河流研究表明,相比较气候变化,全球河流输沙量变化主要受人类活动的影响。未来全球河流总输沙量会因人类活动尤其是大坝建设的影响而继续减少。
[Abstract]:It is of great theoretical and practical significance to study the sediment discharge of rivers. Under the background of climate change and increasing human activities in the past 60 years, the sediment discharge of many rivers has changed significantly in the world. Based on the global river sediment transport database and the research results of regional river sediment discharge, the present situation of global river sediment discharge, the spatial distribution pattern of sediment discharge and its influencing factors are analyzed from the global scale. The change of sediment discharge and its influencing factors were analyzed and studied in 3 aspects. The results are as follows: (1) the annual total sediment discharge of global rivers is about 2 脳 10 ~ (10) t. (2) the geological and geomorphological conditions are the controlling factors of river sediment discharge, and the contribution of meteorological and hydrological conditions and human activities to the difference of sediment discharge between rivers is approximately equal; (3) the study of representative rivers in different climatic zones shows that compared with climate change, the change of global river sediment transport is mainly affected by human activities. In the future, the total sediment discharge of global rivers will continue to decrease due to the impact of human activities, especially dam construction.
【作者单位】：西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室;中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所;
【基金】：中国科学院百人计划项目“黄土高原流域水循环研究”(2011009)
【分类号】：S157

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