基于3S技术的黄连区划研究

发布时间：2019-01-06 14:03

【摘要】：黄连为毛茛科植物黄连(Coptis chinensis Franch.)、三角叶黄连(Coptis deltoidea C.Y.Cheng et Hsiao)或云连(Coptis teeta Wall.)的干燥根茎。药材依次称为“味连”、“雅连”、“云连”。黄连具有清热燥湿、泻火解毒的功效,为名贵的大宗药材,具有两千多年的药用历史,在《神农本草经》中列为上品[1]。据不完全统计,13部宋代以前古代方书中共有方剂3.2万,其中含黄连的方剂有1760方,约占5%[2]。目前,由于野生黄连的过度采挖,致使野生资源濒临枯竭,然而随着国际上应用天然药物的热潮高涨,黄连的需求量却进一步增加,以上种种因素引起人们对黄连的特别关注。以前对黄连的研究多集中在化学成分、药理作用等方面,在产地适宜性区划研究方面较少。而且以往中药材的生态适宜性区划研究长期停留在依靠传统经验和单个气候因子、单个产地的基础上,效率低、准确性差,研究停留在定性和简单定量的分析阶段。近年来,3S(遥感技术-RS、地理信息系统-GIS、全球定位系统-GPS)技术以及生态位理论技术的发展和成熟为中药材资源区划研究提供了先进的技术支撑。本文首次采用高效液相色谱法同时对黄连药材中7种生物碱成分进行了含量测定研究;以各生物碱及总生物碱的含量为指标按省份分组进行统计分析,初步确定了最优黄连产区为湖北恩施、利川以及重庆等地。同时在生态位模型理论的指导下,利用最大信息熵模型对黄连进行适生性的研究,结合统计学理论知识对采样点的生境适宜度值进行分等,并以ArcGIS软件输出黄连生长适宜性等级图,结果表明,生境适宜度范围为[0-1],值大于0.7798的区域为黄连的最适宜生长区域,从数据以及图形中可以看出,这些区域包括湖北恩施、利川,重庆石柱、开县等。生态因子常常影响着药材有效成分的积累,本文在利用最大信息熵模型进行适生区域研究的同时,将获取的影响黄连生长的主要生态因子与黄连的质量信息进行了相关性分析,明确了黄连总生物碱与生态因子之间的关系,并从中选取了海拔、2月降水量、9月降水量、等温性4个关键因子做品质等级划分,并利用ArcGIS软件进行品质影响分析,得到每个因子的品质等级图和因子等级叠加图以及最终黄连品质区划等级图。
[Abstract]:Rhizoma Coptidis is a plant of Ranunculaceae, (Coptis chinensis Franch.), (Coptis deltoidea C.Y.Cheng et Hsiao) or (Coptis teeta Wall.) Dry rhizome. Medicinal materials are called "Weilian", "Yalen", "Yunlian" in turn. Rhizoma Coptidis has the function of clearing away heat and dampness, reducing fire and detoxifying. It is a valuable medicinal material with a medicinal history of more than 2000 years, which is listed as the top grade in Shennong Herbal Classic [1]. According to incomplete statistics, there were 32000 prescriptions in 13 ancient books before Song Dynasty, among which 1760 prescriptions contained Coptis, accounting for about 5% [2]. At present, the wild resources are on the verge of exhaustion due to the excessive exploitation of wild Coptis chinensis. However, with the upsurge of the international application of natural drugs, the demand of Coptis chinensis has increased further. All these factors have caused people to pay special attention to Coptis chinensis. Previous studies on Coptis chinensis were mainly focused on chemical constituents, pharmacological effects and so on. In the past, the study of ecological suitability regionalization of traditional Chinese medicinal materials remained on the basis of traditional experience, single climatic factors, single producing area, low efficiency and poor accuracy, and the study remained at the stage of qualitative and quantitative analysis. In recent years, the development and maturity of 3s (remote sensing technology-RS, Geographic Information system-GIS, Global Positioning system-GPS) technology and niche theory technology have provided advanced technical support for the study of Chinese herbal medicine resource regionalization. The content of 7 alkaloids in Coptis chinensis was determined by HPLC for the first time. Taking the contents of alkaloids and total alkaloids as indicators, the authors analyzed the statistical analysis by provinces, and preliminarily determined that the optimal production areas of Coptis chinensis were Enshi of Hubei, Lichuan and Chongqing, and so on. At the same time, under the guidance of niche model theory, the maximum information entropy model was used to study the adaptability of Coptis chinensis (Rhizoma Coptidis). The results show that the range of habitat suitability is [0-1], and the region with a value greater than 0.7798 is the most suitable growth area for Coptis chinensis, which can be seen from the data and figures. These areas include Hubei Enshi, Lichuan, Chongqing Shizhu, Kaixian and so on. Ecological factors often affect the accumulation of effective components of medicinal materials. In this paper, the main ecological factors affecting the growth of Coptis chinensis and the quality information of Coptis chinensis were analyzed by using the maximum information entropy model. The relationship between total alkaloids and ecological factors of Coptis chinensis was clarified, and four key factors, including elevation, February precipitation, September precipitation and isothermal precipitation, were selected for quality grading, and the quality impact analysis was carried out by using ArcGIS software. The quality grade map of each factor, the superposition map of factor grade and the final quality zonation map of Coptis chinensis were obtained.
【学位授予单位】：湖北中医药大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S127;S567.52

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