土壤改良剂对洛宁植烟土壤改良及烟草生长的影响
发布时间：2019-01-08 11:00
【摘要】：采集洛宁烟区13个植烟乡镇的土壤样品,分析土壤养分状况,以洛宁烟区有代表性的东宋乡聂坟村为试验点,采用大田试验的方法,研究腐殖酸、土壤调理剂、聚丙烯酰胺三种土壤改良剂对植烟土壤水分状况、养分状况、烟株生长特性及经济效益的影响,筛选出适合洛宁县植烟土壤的土壤改良剂,主要研究结论如下:洛宁烟区有75%的土壤p H值偏高(p H7.0),近10%的土壤有机质含量偏低,14%土壤速效氮含量偏高或极高,70%土壤速效磷含量偏低,40%土壤速效钾含量偏低。在土壤改良方面应注意采取措施降低p H值,增施磷、钾肥,在部分地块控制氮肥用量。土壤调理剂和腐殖酸能有效提高土壤含水量,且随着施用量增加,土壤含水量增加。土壤调理剂的保水效果最好,腐殖酸次之,聚丙烯酰胺最差。三种改良剂对土壤养分状况都有影响,其中施用土壤调理剂显著提高了土壤速效钾含量,施用腐殖酸可以显著提高土壤有机质、速效磷和速效氮含量且以腐植酸用量450kg/hm2的改良效果较好。三种改良剂均影响烟田土壤养分的动态变化,在烟草各生育期有效提高土壤PH值和有机质含量,其中腐殖酸提高土壤有机质含量效果最好。三种土壤改良剂均促进旺长期土壤中缓效钾向速效钾的转换,以土壤调理剂在提高土壤供钾水平上效果最好。施用腐殖酸和聚丙烯酰胺土壤改良剂可促进土壤中氮素矿化,提高了土壤的供氮能力。三种土壤改良剂均对烟株生长产生影响,以施用土壤调理剂处理烟株的叶面积、株高及干物质积累最优,且用量以60kg/hm2较为适宜。三种土壤改良剂处理对烟株叶片光合速率、光能转化率及PSII潜在活性的影响研究表明,聚丙烯酰胺处理能较好提高叶片光合速率,腐植酸处理能提高烟株生育后期PSII活性及提高原初光能转化率与PSII潜在量子效率、制造较多光合产物。三种土壤改良剂均显著提高了烟叶产量、上等烟比例及产值,以施用腐植酸450kg/hm2处理经济效益最好,施用土壤调理剂60kg/hm2处理次之,且两处理间差异不显著。综合分析,腐殖酸和土壤调理剂可作为洛宁烟区的土壤改良,并对促进烟叶生长及提高经济效益有显著作用,其中腐殖酸适宜用量450kg/hm2,土壤调理剂适宜用量60kg/hm2。
[Abstract]:The soil samples from 13 tobacco planting towns in Luoning tobacco area were collected, and the soil nutrient status was analyzed. Taking Nie Fen Village, Dongsong Township, which is representative of Luoning tobacco area, as the experimental site, the humic acid and soil conditioning agent were studied by field test. The effects of three kinds of soil modifiers polyacrylamide on soil moisture status, nutrient status, growth characteristics and economic benefits of tobacco planting were studied. The soil modifiers suitable for tobacco planting in Luoning County were selected. The main conclusions are as follows: 75% soil pH value is high (pH 7.0), nearly 10% soil organic matter content is low, 14% soil available nitrogen content is high or extremely high, 70% soil available phosphorus content is low. The content of available potassium in 40% soil was low. In the aspect of soil improvement, measures should be taken to reduce pH value, increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, and control the amount of nitrogen fertilizer in some plots. Soil conditioning agent and humic acid can effectively increase soil water content, and with the increase of application rate, soil water content increases. Soil conditioner had the best water retention effect, followed by humic acid and polyacrylamide. All of the three modifiers had an effect on soil nutrient status, among which soil conditioning agent significantly increased the content of soil available potassium, and humic acid significantly increased soil organic matter. The content of available phosphorus and nitrogen and the amount of humic acid 450kg/hm2 were improved better. The three modifiers all affected the dynamic changes of soil nutrients in tobacco field and effectively increased soil PH value and organic matter content in each growing period of tobacco. Humic acid was the best in increasing soil organic matter content. The three kinds of soil modifiers all promoted the conversion of slow-acting potassium to available potassium in the flourishing period, and the soil conditioner had the best effect on improving the level of soil potassium supply. Application of humic acid and polyacrylamide soil modifier can promote nitrogen mineralization in soil and improve soil nitrogen supply capacity. Three kinds of soil modifiers all had an effect on the growth of tobacco plants. The leaf area, plant height and dry matter accumulation of tobacco plants treated with soil conditioner were the best, and the dosage of 60kg/hm2 was more suitable. The effects of three soil modifiers on photosynthetic rate, light energy conversion rate and potential activity of PSII in tobacco leaves were studied. The results showed that polyacrylamide treatment could improve the photosynthetic rate of tobacco leaves. Humic acid treatment could increase the activity of PSII, the conversion of primary light energy and the potential quantum efficiency of PSII, and produce more photosynthetic products. The three kinds of soil modifiers significantly increased the yield of tobacco leaf, the proportion of superior tobacco and the output value. The best economic benefit was treated with humic acid 450kg/hm2, the second was treated with soil conditioner 60kg/hm2, and the difference between the two treatments was not significant. Comprehensive analysis showed that humic acid and soil conditioner could be used as soil improvement in Luoning tobacco area, and had significant effect on promoting tobacco leaf growth and increasing economic benefit. The suitable dosage of humic acid was 450 kg 路hm ~ (2) and soil conditioning agent was 60 kg 路hm ~ (2) 路hm ~ (2).
【学位授予单位】：河南科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S572;S156
本文编号：2404514
[Abstract]:The soil samples from 13 tobacco planting towns in Luoning tobacco area were collected, and the soil nutrient status was analyzed. Taking Nie Fen Village, Dongsong Township, which is representative of Luoning tobacco area, as the experimental site, the humic acid and soil conditioning agent were studied by field test. The effects of three kinds of soil modifiers polyacrylamide on soil moisture status, nutrient status, growth characteristics and economic benefits of tobacco planting were studied. The soil modifiers suitable for tobacco planting in Luoning County were selected. The main conclusions are as follows: 75% soil pH value is high (pH 7.0), nearly 10% soil organic matter content is low, 14% soil available nitrogen content is high or extremely high, 70% soil available phosphorus content is low. The content of available potassium in 40% soil was low. In the aspect of soil improvement, measures should be taken to reduce pH value, increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, and control the amount of nitrogen fertilizer in some plots. Soil conditioning agent and humic acid can effectively increase soil water content, and with the increase of application rate, soil water content increases. Soil conditioner had the best water retention effect, followed by humic acid and polyacrylamide. All of the three modifiers had an effect on soil nutrient status, among which soil conditioning agent significantly increased the content of soil available potassium, and humic acid significantly increased soil organic matter. The content of available phosphorus and nitrogen and the amount of humic acid 450kg/hm2 were improved better. The three modifiers all affected the dynamic changes of soil nutrients in tobacco field and effectively increased soil PH value and organic matter content in each growing period of tobacco. Humic acid was the best in increasing soil organic matter content. The three kinds of soil modifiers all promoted the conversion of slow-acting potassium to available potassium in the flourishing period, and the soil conditioner had the best effect on improving the level of soil potassium supply. Application of humic acid and polyacrylamide soil modifier can promote nitrogen mineralization in soil and improve soil nitrogen supply capacity. Three kinds of soil modifiers all had an effect on the growth of tobacco plants. The leaf area, plant height and dry matter accumulation of tobacco plants treated with soil conditioner were the best, and the dosage of 60kg/hm2 was more suitable. The effects of three soil modifiers on photosynthetic rate, light energy conversion rate and potential activity of PSII in tobacco leaves were studied. The results showed that polyacrylamide treatment could improve the photosynthetic rate of tobacco leaves. Humic acid treatment could increase the activity of PSII, the conversion of primary light energy and the potential quantum efficiency of PSII, and produce more photosynthetic products. The three kinds of soil modifiers significantly increased the yield of tobacco leaf, the proportion of superior tobacco and the output value. The best economic benefit was treated with humic acid 450kg/hm2, the second was treated with soil conditioner 60kg/hm2, and the difference between the two treatments was not significant. Comprehensive analysis showed that humic acid and soil conditioner could be used as soil improvement in Luoning tobacco area, and had significant effect on promoting tobacco leaf growth and increasing economic benefit. The suitable dosage of humic acid was 450 kg 路hm ~ (2) and soil conditioning agent was 60 kg 路hm ~ (2) 路hm ~ (2).
【学位授予单位】：河南科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S572;S156
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本文编号：2404514
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