纳米碳对不同植被覆盖下黄土坡地降雨侵蚀的抑制效果

发布时间：2019-01-12 11:10

【摘要】：纳米碳对黄土高原地区土壤水分运动具有显著影响。该文基于野外人工模拟降雨试验,研究了不同植被覆盖(空地、柠条、苜蓿、黄豆和玉米)条件下,在黄土坡面上中下位置条施不同质量分数纳米碳(0、0.1%、0.5%、0.7%和1.0%)对坡地产流产沙过程的影响。该文试验设计1.0 m×1.0 m降雨小区,前期在小区坡面种植植被以及埋入不同质量分数纳米碳,其中未做植被覆盖处理和未施加纳米碳的小区作为对照,共25个试验小区。采用针孔式人工模拟降雨器进行模拟降雨,雨强为60 mm/h,降雨历时40 min。降雨过程中定时收集径流及泥沙,用以研究在不同植被覆盖条件下纳米碳对黄土区坡地径流与泥沙的调控机理影响。研究结果显示,在土壤中施入纳米碳,对坡面初始产流时间的影响显著。随着施入纳米碳质量分数的增加,不同植被覆盖的初始产流时间总体随之增加,在4种植被覆盖中,苜蓿延缓产流时间效果最明显,较之空白对照最大增加了287.1%。纳米碳的施入,使各植被覆盖中坡面径流量明显降低,施入不同质量分数纳米碳,各植被覆盖中减流效果最显著的仍为苜蓿,径流量较之对照减少了66.47%,而空地、柠条、黄豆、玉米这4种处理减流幅度均在31.5%~33.6%之间。同时,纳米碳对于坡面径流减沙效果亦非常显著。施入纳米碳后,各植被减沙效果排序依次是:苜蓿柠条玉米黄豆。通过纳米碳对产流产沙量的影响进行相关性分析,得出纳米碳对试验结果具有显著的影响;在水土流失调控效果评价值影响分析中,纳米碳对水土流失调控效果较合适的质量分数为0.5%。综上,在黄土区土壤中施加纳米碳并提高施入纳米碳的比例,对于该地区水土流失的治理具有积极作用。
[Abstract]:Nano carbon has a significant effect on soil moisture movement in the Loess Plateau. Based on artificial rainfall simulation experiment in the field, this paper studied the application of nano-carbon (0.0.1% 0.50%) in different vegetation cover (open, Caragana, alfalfa, soybean and corn) on the top and bottom of loess slope. The effect of 0.7% and 1.0%) on the process of abortion and sand in slope. In this paper, 1. 0 m 脳 1. 0 m rainfall plot was designed. Vegetation was planted on the slope of the plot in the early stage and nano carbon was embedded in different mass fraction. There were 25 experimental plots in which no vegetation coverage and no nano carbon application were used as control. A needle hole artificial rainfall simulator was used to simulate rainfall. The rainfall intensity was 60 mm/h, and the rainfall duration was 40 min.. Runoff and sediment were collected regularly during rainfall to study the effect of nano-carbon on runoff and sediment regulation in sloping land of loess area under different vegetation cover conditions. The results showed that the application of nano-carbon in soil had a significant effect on the initial runoff generation time. With the increase of carbon nano-fraction, the initial runoff time of different vegetation cover increased, and the effect of delaying runoff time of alfalfa was the most obvious, and the maximum increase of 287.1% compared with the blank control. With the application of nano-carbon, the runoff of slope surface in vegetation cover was obviously decreased, and the effect of reducing flow in each vegetation cover was still the most significant, and the runoff decreased by 66.47, but in open land, Caragana korshinskii, and Caragana korshinskii in different mass fraction, the effect of reducing current flow in each vegetation cover was still the most significant. The flow reduction range of soybean and corn were between 31.5% and 33.6%. At the same time, the effect of carbon nanoparticles on runoff sediment reduction is also very significant. After the application of nano carbon, the sequence of sediment reduction effect of each vegetation was as follows: Corn and soybean of Caragana korshinskii. Through the correlation analysis of the effect of nano-carbon on the yield of abortive sediment, it is concluded that nano-carbon has a significant effect on the test results. In the analysis of the effect of soil erosion control, the proper mass fraction of nano-carbon to soil erosion control is 0.5%. To sum up, the application of nano-carbon and increasing the proportion of nano-carbon in the soil of loess area play a positive role in the control of soil erosion in this area.
【作者单位】：西安理工大学西北旱区生态水利工程国家重点实验室培育基地;中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(51239009;41371239) 陕西省科技支撑项目(2013KJXX-38) 陕西省自然科学基金(2015JQ5161) 西安理工大学特色研究计划项目(2016TS013)
【分类号】：S157.43

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