凹凸棒对鸡粪堆肥中重金属的生物有效性与钝化效果的影响
发布时间：2019-01-18 08:49
【摘要】：禽畜粪便一直是国内外较难处理的难题之一,充分利用这部分资源后能带来很大的经济效益。高温好氧堆肥是目前处理家禽粪便的研究趋势,利用高温发酵降解禽畜类粪便的部分持久性有机污染物,灭杀禽畜粪便中的病原体,钝化禽畜类粪便中的重金属,降低重金属的迁移转化速率,使重金属尽量少的进入食物链,减少对人体健康的损害。试验中的鸡粪采自甘肃省张掖市甘州区,以甘肃省临泽县的凹凸棒粘土为钝化剂进行高温好氧堆肥。添加不同比例的凹凸棒土到禽畜粪便中进行高温发酵堆肥,探索凹凸棒对堆肥发酵过程中重金属的钝化情况,用水、EDTA、DTPA和盐酸四种林滤液萃取堆肥发酵过程中的重金属,探索重金属的浓度和重金属有效态浓度的变化,通过多重比较和方差分析分析不同时间和不同处理间的重金属浓度差异性以及重金属的有效态与重金属化学形态间的关联性。实验结果表明:(1)实验过程中,在实验初期温度出现高低起伏的现象,即实验初期温度在第5天达到50℃,大约是堆肥发酵过程的最高温度,可能是前期加入发酵剂的原因,但随后温度逐渐降低,偶尔出现温度升高的现象。原因可能是堆体过小以及昼夜温差过大,温度偶尔升高,跟鸡粪、凹凸棒、秸秆混合的均匀程度有关。(2)在堆肥过程中淋滤态重金属的浓度变化呈现不同的趋势,在堆肥发酵过程中不同淋滤态的重金属Cr都呈现明显的上升趋势,堆肥腐熟后的浓度为堆肥初始浓度的2倍以上。不同淋滤态重金属Cu在堆肥腐熟后比较堆肥初始浓度呈现小幅度的下降趋势。不同淋滤态重金属Ni和Zn在堆肥腐熟后的浓度基本保持不变或小幅度的下降趋势。(3)淋滤态重金属在堆肥前期的浓度变化大,后期重金属的浓度变化较小,即淋滤态重金属浓度变化基本在堆肥前期完成。淋滤态重金属浓度在不同凹凸棒添加比例处理间A3、A6、A9间差异性显著,在处理A9、A12、A15间的差异性不显著,即鸡粪堆肥凹凸棒添加质量分数超过25%时凹凸棒的添加对淋滤态重金属的转化没有明显的降低作用。鸡粪堆肥过程中凹凸棒的添加对有淋滤态重金属的降低有促进作用。(4)不同提取剂提取出的部分重金属间关联性P0.05,而盐酸提取态和EDTA提取态重金属Cr的关联性P0.05,即在凹凸棒添加鸡粪堆肥过程中淋滤态重金属间不存在一定可靠的关联性。(5)淋滤态重金属与重金属的残渣态存在一定的负相关性,即残渣态重金属的浓度增加时淋滤态的重金属会相应的降低。淋滤态重金属与重金属的酸溶态、氧化态、还原态的关联性不统一,没有某种淋滤态重金属与重金属的化学形态或者与其他重金属的化学形态一定存在关联性。
[Abstract]:Livestock manure is one of the difficult problems at home and abroad. High temperature aerobic composting is the research trend of poultry feces treatment at present. Some persistent organic pollutants in livestock manure are degraded by high temperature fermentation, pathogens in livestock excrement are killed and heavy metals in livestock excrement are passivated. Reduce the rate of heavy metal migration and transformation, make heavy metals into the food chain as little as possible, reduce the damage to human health. Chicken manure was collected from Ganzhou District, Zhangye City, Gansu Province. Attapulgite clay in Linze County of Gansu Province was used as passivating agent for high temperature aerobic composting. Different proportion of attapulgite was added to livestock feces for high temperature fermentation composting. The passivation of heavy metals in compost fermentation was explored by attapulgite, water, EDTA,DTPA and hydrochloric acid four kinds of forest filtrates were used to extract the heavy metals in compost fermentation. The variation of the concentration of heavy metals and the concentration of available state of heavy metals were explored. The differences of concentrations of heavy metals in different time and treatment and the relationship between available forms of heavy metals and chemical speciation of heavy metals were analyzed by multiple comparisons and variance analysis. The results showed that: (1) in the early stage of the experiment, the temperature fluctuated, that is, the initial temperature reached 50 鈩，
本文编号：2410524
[Abstract]:Livestock manure is one of the difficult problems at home and abroad. High temperature aerobic composting is the research trend of poultry feces treatment at present. Some persistent organic pollutants in livestock manure are degraded by high temperature fermentation, pathogens in livestock excrement are killed and heavy metals in livestock excrement are passivated. Reduce the rate of heavy metal migration and transformation, make heavy metals into the food chain as little as possible, reduce the damage to human health. Chicken manure was collected from Ganzhou District, Zhangye City, Gansu Province. Attapulgite clay in Linze County of Gansu Province was used as passivating agent for high temperature aerobic composting. Different proportion of attapulgite was added to livestock feces for high temperature fermentation composting. The passivation of heavy metals in compost fermentation was explored by attapulgite, water, EDTA,DTPA and hydrochloric acid four kinds of forest filtrates were used to extract the heavy metals in compost fermentation. The variation of the concentration of heavy metals and the concentration of available state of heavy metals were explored. The differences of concentrations of heavy metals in different time and treatment and the relationship between available forms of heavy metals and chemical speciation of heavy metals were analyzed by multiple comparisons and variance analysis. The results showed that: (1) in the early stage of the experiment, the temperature fluctuated, that is, the initial temperature reached 50 鈩，
本文编号：2410524
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