猪炭及其酸化对土壤磷和重金属形态分布和转化的影响
发布时间：2019-02-15 04:31
【摘要】：作为畜牧业大国,我国每年生猪出栏率达6.6亿头,按照生猪3%的正常死亡率,每年产生的死猪数量约2000万头,若处置不当,必然会产生一系列生态环境问题。与常规处理方法相比,热解炭化技术生产猪炭,实现了病死猪无害化处理的同时也避免了传染和二次污染。猪炭是以畜禽养殖业中产生的病死猪为原料,经高温热解后得到的一种新型生物质炭,具有孔隙度大,磷、钙等矿物质元素含量高等特点。猪炭输入土壤被认为是改善土壤肥力并修复重金属污染土壤的新技术,但在其对土壤中磷的含量及形态转化以和对重金属有效性及形态转化方面尚缺乏系统深入的研究。本研究以病死猪为生物质原料,在650℃下热解制备初始生物质炭,进而利用硝酸(65~68%)浸渍酸化得到改性的生物质炭。通过培养试验,以过磷酸钙和钙镁磷肥为对比材料,考察猪炭及其酸化对土壤磷含量及形态转化的影响,对比研究其与常规化学磷肥对土壤中磷形态转化的不同影响效果和简单作用机理。以活性炭和竹炭为对比材料,研究猪炭和酸化猪炭对复合污染土壤(Pb和Zn)中重金属有效性及其形态分布的影响。主要研究结果如下:1.与对照相比,施用猪炭和酸化猪炭可使土壤电导率分别提高24%和14%,而对土壤p H无显著影响。在施加量相同的情况下,酸化猪炭提高土壤活性磷和中稳活性磷占全磷百分比的效果优于猪炭处理;且与施磷量相同的过磷酸钙和钙镁磷肥处理无显著差异。与空白对照相比,施用酸化猪炭、猪炭和两种磷肥均可以显著(P0.05)提高活性磷的含量,且各处理之间对于活性磷含量的提高无显著差异;中稳活性磷占总磷的百分比提高36.2~77.2%,其变化规律为:酸化猪炭过磷酸钙钙镁磷肥猪炭;非活性磷占总磷的百分比显著(P0.05)下降,与活性磷和中稳活性磷所占比例均呈显著(P0.01)负相关。综上所述,施用酸化猪炭可以提高土壤中各形态磷的含量,同时把土壤中非活性磷的比例维持在较低水平。施用酸化猪炭对土壤中各形态磷含量及转化影响的效果与两种化学磷肥无显著差异。在农业生产中,将猪炭经酸化处理后来替代过磷酸钙和钙镁磷肥的施用具有潜在的可行性。2.猪炭、活性炭和竹炭的施用均可显著(P0.05)提高土壤的p H,其中猪炭处理下土壤的p H相比对照提高了1.2个单位。施用酸化猪炭可显著(P0.05)提高土壤的阳离子交换量(CEC),与对照相比提高了11.3%,而其它处理对土壤CEC无显著影响。此外,施用猪炭和酸化猪炭还可以显著(P0.05)提高土壤的有效磷含量,其中酸化猪炭处理分别为猪炭、活性炭和竹炭处理的3.4、94.4和86.2倍。相比于对照,三种生物质炭和活性炭处理下均可显著降低土壤中有效态Zn的含量,降低量为:猪炭(49.9%)竹炭(34.6%)活性炭(20.2%)酸化猪炭(8.0%)。施用猪炭和酸化猪炭的可使土壤中有效态Pb分别降低31.1%和60.4%。综上所述,施用猪炭和酸化猪炭均可提高土壤中各形态磷的含量,而酸化猪炭的施用对磷含量的影响与两种化学肥料相当,对提高土壤活性磷的效果比未酸化猪炭更好。同时,施用猪炭还可以有效降低土壤中Pb和Zn的有效性。
[Abstract]:As a big country of animal husbandry, China's pig breeding rate is 6. 600 million in each year. According to the normal mortality rate of 3% of the pig, the number of dead pigs per year is about 20 million, and if the treatment is not proper, a series of ecological environment problems will be generated. Compared with the conventional treatment method, the pyrolysis carbonization technology is used for producing the pig carbon, and the innocent treatment of the dead pig is realized, and the transmission and the secondary pollution are also avoided. The pig carbon is a new type of biomass carbon obtained by high-temperature pyrolysis of the dead pig produced in the livestock and poultry breeding industry, and has the characteristics of high porosity, high content of phosphorus and calcium and the like. Pig carbon input soil is considered to be a new technology to improve the soil fertility and to repair the heavy metal contaminated soil, but there is a lack of systematic in-depth study on the content and form of the phosphorus in the soil and the effect on the effectiveness and morphology of the heavy metals. The initial biomass carbon was prepared by pyrolysis at 650 鈩，
本文编号：2422968
[Abstract]:As a big country of animal husbandry, China's pig breeding rate is 6. 600 million in each year. According to the normal mortality rate of 3% of the pig, the number of dead pigs per year is about 20 million, and if the treatment is not proper, a series of ecological environment problems will be generated. Compared with the conventional treatment method, the pyrolysis carbonization technology is used for producing the pig carbon, and the innocent treatment of the dead pig is realized, and the transmission and the secondary pollution are also avoided. The pig carbon is a new type of biomass carbon obtained by high-temperature pyrolysis of the dead pig produced in the livestock and poultry breeding industry, and has the characteristics of high porosity, high content of phosphorus and calcium and the like. Pig carbon input soil is considered to be a new technology to improve the soil fertility and to repair the heavy metal contaminated soil, but there is a lack of systematic in-depth study on the content and form of the phosphorus in the soil and the effect on the effectiveness and morphology of the heavy metals. The initial biomass carbon was prepared by pyrolysis at 650 鈩，
本文编号：2422968
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