秸秆还田量对水旱轮作作物产量和土壤肥力的影响

发布时间：2019-02-15 05:17

【摘要】：2013~2015年在宁夏灌区春玉米-水稻-春玉米轮作体系下,采用田间定位试验研究了0(S0)、2.25(S1)、3.75(S2)、5.25(S3)和6.75 t hm-2(S4)5个秸秆还田量对作物产量和土壤肥力的影响。结果表明,秸秆还田量对前两年作物产量无明显影响,持续还田3年才有显著的增产效果,S3处理最佳。秸秆还田降低了耕层土壤容重,其随着还田量增加呈显著降低趋势。秸秆还田量对2014年水稻种植前土壤有机质、全氮和速效钾含量有显著影响,而对其它不同时期土壤碱解氮、有效磷含量影响不大。秸秆还田对年际间土壤有机质提升并不呈叠加效应,且土壤有机质含量也不随秸秆还田量增加而同步增加,通常在S2或S3处理下最高。水稻季秸秆还田有利于土壤C/N比调节。各季作物产量与秸秆还田量都服从二次曲线关系(R2=0.602~0.880)。因此,在宁夏灌区年际间水旱轮作体系中,合理的秸秆还田量应控制在3.75~5.25 t hm-2之间,以达到作物增产和土壤培肥的双重目标。
[Abstract]:In the spring corn-rice-spring maize rotation system of Ningxia irrigation district from 2013 to 2015, the field location experiment was conducted to study 0 (S0), 2.25 (S1), 3.75 (S2). Effect of 5. 25 (S3) and 6. 75 t hm-2 (S4) on crop yield and soil fertility. The results showed that the amount of straw returning to the field had no obvious effect on crop yield in the previous two years, but only after 3 years of continuous return did the yield increase significantly, and S3 treatment was the best. Straw returning to the field reduced the bulk density of the topsoil, which decreased significantly with the increase of the returning amount. The amount of straw returning to the field had a significant effect on the contents of soil organic matter, total nitrogen and available potassium before rice planting in 2014, but had little effect on the content of available phosphorus in other periods of soil alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen. There was no superposition effect of straw returning to soil organic matter during the interannual period, and the content of soil organic matter did not increase synchronously with the increase of straw return amount, which was usually the highest in S2 or S3 treatments. The return of rice straw to the field was beneficial to the regulation of soil C / N ratio. The relationship between crop yield and the amount of straw returning to the field was obtained from the quadratic curve (R _ 2O _ (0.602) ~ (0.880). Therefore, in the interannual rotation system of paddy and drought in Ningxia irrigation area, the reasonable amount of straw returning should be controlled between 3.75 and 5.25 t hm-2, in order to achieve the double goals of increasing crop yield and soil fertility.
【作者单位】：青铜峡市农业技术推广服务中心;宁夏农林科学院农业资源与环境研究所;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(41401319) 农业部“耕地质量保护与提升项目”专项资金宁夏农林科学院“十三五”重点科技课题(NKYZ-16-0904)资助
【分类号】：S158;S511;S513

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