黑龙江省水源地优先流区与基质流区土壤特性分析

发布时间：2019-02-15 19:03

【摘要】：以黑龙江省东部山地天然次生林为研究对象,采用野外染色示踪和统计分析相结合的方法,应用Photoshop Cs5,Image pro Plus6.0图像处理软件,分析天然次生林下优先流区和基质流区土壤特性差异。结果表明:黑龙江省东部山地天然次生林土壤优先流现象极为明显,主要以大孔隙流、指流以及管流为主。表层土壤孔隙间的连通性好,水分运动过程变得相对均匀,不易于发生优先流。10—45cm土层范围内,染色路径不再整体均匀扩散,表现出明显的优先运移特征,产生优先流,并表现出了一定的环绕特性。从土壤表层到底层,染色区非毛管孔隙度比未染色区高0.3%~2.0%。非毛管性孔隙可视为大孔隙,是产生优先流的主要原因。0—40cm土层范围内,染色区土壤饱和持水量、毛管持水量和田间持水量均高于未染色区,染色区土壤容重均低于未染色区。20—40cm是该地区天然次生林土壤产生"优先路径"最明显的土层。在此范围内优先流区土壤入渗速率明显大于基质流区,证明该区土壤特性差异是黑龙江省东部山地天然次生林优先流产生的主要原因。
[Abstract]:The natural secondary forest in the eastern mountainous region of Heilongjiang Province was studied. The Photoshop Cs5,Image pro Plus6.0 image processing software was used to combine the field dyeing tracer and statistical analysis. The difference of soil characteristics between priority flow area and substrate flow area under natural secondary forest was analyzed. The results showed that the preferential flow of soil in natural secondary forest in the eastern mountainous region of Heilongjiang Province was very obvious, which mainly consisted of macroporous flow, finger flow and pipe flow. In the 10-45cm soil layer, the dyeing path no longer diffuses uniformly as a whole, showing obvious preferential migration characteristics, resulting in preferential flow. It also shows some characteristic of encircling. From the surface to the bottom of the soil, the non-capillary porosity in the stained area was 0.32% higher than that in the unstained zone. Non-capillary pores can be regarded as macropores, which are the main causes of preferential flow. Within the 0-40cm soil layer, the saturated soil water holding capacity, capillary water holding capacity and field water holding capacity in the dyeing area are higher than those in the unstained area. The bulk density of soil in dyeing area was lower than that in unstained area, and 20-40cm was the most obvious soil layer to produce "preferential path" in natural secondary forest soil in this area. In this range, the soil infiltration rate in the priority flow area is obviously higher than that in the substrate flow area, which proves that the difference of soil characteristics in this area is the main reason for the preferential flow of natural secondary forest in the eastern mountainous region of Heilongjiang Province.
【作者单位】：东北林业大学林学院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(31300593)
【分类号】：S714

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