基于GIS的云南省马铃薯种植适宜性气候区划

发布时间：2019-02-22 12:54

【摘要】：在我国,马铃薯是四大粮食作物之一,由于马铃薯具有很好耐贫瘠、耐干旱、稳产高产等优良特性,是我国主要的粮食经济作物。云南省地处我国西南的边陲,当地自然气候条件适宜马铃薯的生长发育。然而目前云南省马铃薯种植生产的现状仍是以农户分散种植为主,适宜与不适宜种植、种植效果好坏仅凭经验判断,缺乏一个科学的区分依据。本文通过对云南省马铃薯种植的气候适宜性进行区域划分,为云南省马铃薯产业的布局规划提供了科学参考。为了对云南省的马铃薯种植进行气候适宜性区划,本文以云南省境内125个气象监测站测得的温度、降水、日照时数等气象数据和云南省地理信息数据为基础,结合前人对马铃薯生长的生理生态研究成果,通过专家打分法和层次分析法等技术手段建立了云南省马铃薯种植气候适宜性评价指标体系。将每个评价指标划分为“最适宜区”、“适宜区”和“次适宜区”3个区域。在该评价体系的基础上构建了综合评价模型,运用地理信息系统(GIS)技术,对云南省马铃薯种植的气候适宜性进行了区域划分,通过专题图的形式将研究成果进行可视化展示,并对各个等级区域的适宜性进行分析与评价,最后根据云南省马铃薯生产实践的实际情况,对马铃薯种植布局和管理的优化分区域提出了建议和对策。实验结果显示:在云南省种植马铃薯的最适宜气候区域主要分布在滇东北区域和滇西北高海拔生态区域以及滇西的部分区域,根据区划的统计结果,此区域合计1.320×105km2,占据云南省总面积的31.1%;适宜区域主要分布在滇东区域和滇西区域范围内,此区域合计2.060×105km2,占据云南省总面积的48.6%;除以上的最适宜区和适宜区之外,剩下的区域基本上大都在次适宜区范围内,其分布大都在滇中地区,此区域合计8.621×104km2,占云南省总面积的20.3%。该区划结果从理论的角度为云南省马铃薯的科学种植提供了指引,降低了选址的盲目性,提高了马铃薯的质量和产量,为马铃薯在云南省种植的进一步扩大化和资源的可持续利用提供一定的理论依据。
[Abstract]:Potato is one of the four major food crops in China. Because of its excellent characteristics such as good tolerance to barren, drought resistance, stable yield and high yield, potato is one of the main economic crops in China. Yunnan Province is located in the southwest of China, the local natural climate conditions are suitable for the growth and development of potatoes. However, the present situation of potato planting production in Yunnan Province is still focused on the scattered planting of farmers, which is suitable and unsuitable for planting. The effect of planting is judged only by experience and lacks a scientific basis for differentiation. In this paper, the climatic suitability of potato cultivation in Yunnan Province is divided into regions, which provides a scientific reference for the layout planning of potato industry in Yunnan Province. In order to regionalize the climate suitability of potato cultivation in Yunnan Province, this paper bases on meteorological data such as temperature, precipitation, sunshine hours and geographic information data from 125 meteorological monitoring stations in Yunnan Province. The evaluation index system of potato climate suitability in Yunnan Province was established by means of expert scoring method and Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) combined with the previous physiological and ecological research results of potato growth. Each evaluation index was divided into "most suitable area", "suitable area" and "sub-suitable area". On the basis of the evaluation system, a comprehensive evaluation model was constructed, and the climatic suitability of potato planting in Yunnan Province was divided by using (GIS) technology. Through the form of thematic map to visualize the research results, and analyze and evaluate the suitability of each grade area. Finally, according to the actual situation of potato production practice in Yunnan Province, Suggestions and countermeasures were put forward to optimize potato planting layout and management. The results show that the most suitable climatic regions for potato cultivation in Yunnan Province are mainly distributed in northeast Yunnan, high altitude ecological regions of northwest Yunnan and parts of western Yunnan. According to the statistical results of the regionalization, the total amount of this region is 1.320 脳 105 km2. Occupying 31. 1% of the total area of Yunnan Province; The suitable areas are mainly distributed in the eastern and western Yunnan regions, which total 2.060 脳 10 ~ 5 km ~ 2, accounting for 48.6% of the total area of Yunnan Province. In addition to the most suitable area and the suitable area above, the remaining areas are basically within the scope of the sub-suitable area, and most of them are distributed in the central Yunnan area. The total amount of this area is 8.621 脳 104 km2, accounting for 20.3% of the total area of Yunnan Province. The result of the regionalization provides guidance for the scientific planting of potato in Yunnan Province, reduces the blindness of site selection, and improves the quality and yield of potato. It provides a theoretical basis for the further expansion of potato cultivation in Yunnan Province and the sustainable utilization of resources.
【学位授予单位】：云南农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S532;S127

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