洮南市“绿豆—玉米”间作覆膜模式的农业气候研究
发布时间：2019-02-26 12:22
【摘要】：吉林省洮南市是我国优质绿豆产区,也是东北平原绿豆主产区之一。绿豆与玉米间作模式的提出,能有效抑制玉米病虫害、绿豆大风灾害的发生,而且能最大限度的发挥土地的生态效益,保障玉米生产及粮食安全,进一步增加农民收入。本文利用历年气象资料,分析出洮南市主要气候特征,结合绿豆和玉米的生物学特性,对气候的适应性进行评估;研究绿豆和玉米的主要病虫害的发生条件及防治方法;利用洮南市1992-2013年气象资料、1992-2013年绿豆、玉米发育期和产量实测资料、寻找绿豆、玉米关键生育期的关键气象因子,建立产量预测模型;通过对比试验,分析不同比例的间作模式对产量的影响,决策出最佳间作模式。论文得出如下结论:(1)洮南市气候特征:多年平均气温5.6℃,变幅为3.4-7.5℃。7月最热,1月最冷,平均气温分别为23.8℃、-15.8℃。53年来气温总体呈上升趋势,倾向率为0.04℃/10a,有利玉米和绿豆生产。洮南市年降雨量378.0mm,降水集中于6-8月。逐年降水量呈波动减少趋势,倾向率为-1.15mm/10a。多年平均日照时数2917.2h,平均相对湿度55%。(2)绿豆主要病虫害为:病毒病、叶斑病、根腐病、蚜虫、豆荚螟、绿豆象等;玉米主要病虫害:玉米大、小斑病、玉米丝黑穗病、玉米螟、粘虫、地下害虫等。分析发生病虫害的条件,从农业角度提出了防治方法。(3)影响洮南市绿豆气象产量波动的主要气象因子为:鼓粒成熟期日照时数、开花结荚期日照时数、开花结荚期降雨量及鼓粒成熟期最低气温与气象产量呈正相关。分枝期平均气温与气象产量呈负相关。(4)通过每旬的光、温、水与玉米的气象产量相关分析,得出8月上旬降水量、8月下旬降水量与气象产量均存在显著的正相关关系,而8月上旬日照、8月下旬日照、9月上旬日照与气象产量均存在显著的负相关关系。(5)通过6个不同处理的绿豆和玉米间作试验,得到了绿豆和玉米间作最大经济效益的间作比例是2:1,说明此间作比例充分利用了光、热、通风等条件,满足了作物生长对环境条件要求。以上研究成果可以为洮南市“绿豆-玉米”间作覆膜模式规范化技术推广,促进产业化发展提供气象科学依据。
[Abstract]:Taonan City, Jilin Province, is a high-quality mung bean producing area in China and one of the main mung bean producing areas in Northeast Plain. The model of intercropping between mung bean and corn can effectively restrain the diseases and insect pests of maize and the occurrence of strong wind disaster of mung bean, and it can exert the ecological benefit of land to the maximum extent, guarantee the corn production and grain security, and further increase the income of farmers. Based on the meteorological data of the past years, the main climatic characteristics of Taonan City were analyzed, and the climatic adaptability was evaluated in combination with the biological characteristics of mung bean and maize, and the occurrence conditions and control methods of the main pests and diseases of mung bean and maize were studied. Based on the meteorological data from 1992 to 2013 in Taonan City and the measured data of the development period and yield of mung bean and maize from 1992 to 2013, the key meteorological factors of mung bean and key growth period of maize were searched for, and the yield prediction model was established. The influence of different intercropping patterns on yield was analyzed and the optimal intercropping model was determined by contrast test. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the climatic characteristics of Taonan City: the average temperature of Taonan City is 5.6 鈩，
本文编号：2430768
[Abstract]:Taonan City, Jilin Province, is a high-quality mung bean producing area in China and one of the main mung bean producing areas in Northeast Plain. The model of intercropping between mung bean and corn can effectively restrain the diseases and insect pests of maize and the occurrence of strong wind disaster of mung bean, and it can exert the ecological benefit of land to the maximum extent, guarantee the corn production and grain security, and further increase the income of farmers. Based on the meteorological data of the past years, the main climatic characteristics of Taonan City were analyzed, and the climatic adaptability was evaluated in combination with the biological characteristics of mung bean and maize, and the occurrence conditions and control methods of the main pests and diseases of mung bean and maize were studied. Based on the meteorological data from 1992 to 2013 in Taonan City and the measured data of the development period and yield of mung bean and maize from 1992 to 2013, the key meteorological factors of mung bean and key growth period of maize were searched for, and the yield prediction model was established. The influence of different intercropping patterns on yield was analyzed and the optimal intercropping model was determined by contrast test. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the climatic characteristics of Taonan City: the average temperature of Taonan City is 5.6 鈩，
本文编号：2430768
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