汪坪小流域水土保持效益分析

发布时间：2019-02-27 10:39

【摘要】：南方红壤区坡耕地具有集中连片、水热光能条件优越、便于开发利用等特点。大规模的坡耕地开发利用,在缺乏有效的水土保持措施的情况下,易造成严重的水土流失。小流域水土流失综合治理是一项涉及面广、综合性强的系统工程,在减少江河湖库的泥沙淤积、改善农业生产条件、发展生态农业、调整产业结构、促进社会经济发展等方面取得了显著的成效。客观、科学地评价小流域的水土保持生态、社会和经济综合效益,不仅能客观地评价水土流失治理对农业和国民经济宏观发展的意义、治理策略和方法的适用性、治理措施的有效性和可靠性等多个方面,同时也为管理者的决策、促进治理的可持续发展提供重要依据[12]。本文以修水县汪坪小流域为例,通过综合调查、定位观测和无人机低空摄影测量等多种技术手段和方法,对小流域基本情况、水土流失及其影响因子、水土保持措施、蓄水保土效益、经济效益、社会效益、生态效益和水土保持措施增产效益等进行观测,分析南方红壤区小流域生态建设过程中的水土保持效益。分析结果表明:(1)通过综合治理措施的实施,小流域的综合效益明显,小流域内的水土流失面积大幅减少,水土流失程度逐渐降低;(2)实验区实施的水保林、经果林、封禁林、坡改梯和保土耕作措施等种水土保持措施中,水土保持措施的保水保土量从大到小依次为:水保林经济林和坡改梯封禁林保土耕作;(3)实验区内有措施区域土壤养分含量均高于荒坡地(对照)。土壤有机质、全氮、全磷含量以封禁治理措施土壤最高,而保土耕作措施土壤速效磷、速效氮含量最高;(4)汪坪小流域经过综合治理后,土地利用结构趋于合理,农业内部经济结构比例趋于协调,小流域措施增收值共计约253.65万元。
[Abstract]:The sloping cultivated land in the red soil area of the south has the characteristics of concentrated connection, good water-heat and light conditions, and is convenient for development and utilization. The development and utilization of large-scale slope land can cause serious soil and water loss in the absence of effective soil and water conservation measures. The comprehensive treatment of water and soil loss in the small river basin is a systematic project involving a wide range and a strong comprehensive nature, and has made remarkable achievements in reducing the siltation of the river and lake bank, improving the agricultural production conditions, developing the ecological agriculture, adjusting the industrial structure and promoting the social and economic development. objective and scientific evaluation of the ecological, social and economic benefits of water and soil conservation in small watersheds, not only can objectively evaluate the significance of the water and soil erosion control to the macro-development of agriculture and the national economy, the applicability of the management strategies and methods, the effectiveness and the reliability of the governance measures, etc., It also provides an important basis for the decision-making of managers and the sustainable development of governance. In this paper, the basic conditions, water and soil loss and its influencing factors, water and soil conservation measures, water and soil conservation benefit, economic benefit and social benefit of the small watershed are studied by means of comprehensive investigation, location observation and low-altitude photogrammetry of the unmanned aerial vehicle as an example. The benefit of soil and water conservation in the process of ecological construction of the small watershed in the south of the south is analyzed by observing the ecological benefits and the benefit of the water and soil conservation measures. The results show that: (1) Through the implementation of the comprehensive treatment measures, the comprehensive benefit of the small watershed is obvious, the area of water and soil loss in the small watershed is greatly reduced, and the degree of water and soil loss is gradually reduced; (2) The water-conserving forest in the experimental area, through the fruit forest and the forbidden forest, The water and soil conservation measures of water and soil conservation measures in the soil and water conservation measures such as the slope-changing ladder and the soil-retaining cultivation measures are as follows: the water-conserving forest economic forest and the slope-changing ladder seal-and-soil conservation tillage; and (3) the soil nutrient content of the measures in the experimental area is higher than that of the waste slope (control). The soil organic matter, total nitrogen and total phosphorus content of the soil are the highest in the control measures, while the soil available phosphorus and the quick-acting nitrogen content of the soil conservation tillage measures are the highest; and (4) after the comprehensive treatment of the Wangping small watershed, the land-use structure tends to be reasonable, and the proportion of the economic structure in the agriculture tends to be coordinated, The total income of small watershed measures is about 253.65 million yuan.
【学位授予单位】：江西农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S157

【参考文献】