不同用量猪粪对红壤花生坡地水土流失和磷素流失的影响

发布时间：2019-03-02 17:48

【摘要】：通过田间径流微区定位试验,以中亚热带3种典型母质(花岗岩、红砂岩、红黏土)发育红壤花生坡地为研究对象,以当地常规化肥用量处理为对照,连续3年研究了在常规化肥用量减半条件下配施6个不同用量腐熟猪粪(猪粪含有0,0.5,1,2,4,8倍的对照处理磷用量)对红壤花生坡地水土流失和磷素流失的影响,以期为典型红壤地区合理施用猪粪提供科学依据。结果表明:化肥减半配施猪粪处理能有效降低红壤坡地的产流产沙,但随着猪粪用量的增加,径流水和泥沙磷含量均呈线性增加,环境风险增大。径流量和泥沙量均为花岗岩红壤红砂岩红壤红黏土红壤。配施3 500kg/(hm~2·a)猪粪,花岗岩红壤的径流量减少了28.0%、泥沙量减少了6.3%,红砂岩红壤的径流量减少了23.2%、泥沙量减少了37.1%;而配施7 000kg/(hm~2·a)猪粪,红黏土红壤的径流量减少了40.7%,泥沙量减少了12.8%。当花岗岩红壤、红砂岩红壤、红黏土红壤的猪粪用量分别达到14 000,28 000,28 000kg/(hm~2·a)时,径流水总磷平均含量超过地表水环境质量标准V类限值。径流水总磷含量为花岗岩红壤红黏土红壤红砂岩红壤,而泥沙总磷含量则为红黏土红壤花岗岩红壤红砂岩红壤。在减半化肥用量条件下花岗岩红壤和红砂岩红壤配施与常规化肥处理等磷量[P含量40kg/(hm~2·a)]的猪粪、红黏土红壤配施2倍常规化肥处理磷含量[P含量80kg/(hm~2·a)]的猪粪,可有效减少水土流失,且3年内不会增加磷素流失风险。
[Abstract]:Three typical parent materials (granite, red sandstone, red clay) developed on peanut sloping land of red soil in the subtropical zone were studied by field runoff micro-area location experiment, and the local conventional chemical fertilizer treatment was used as the control. The effects of six different amounts of rotten pig manure (pig manure containing 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8 times P) on soil and water loss and phosphorus loss in red soil peanut sloping land were studied for three consecutive years, under the condition of halving the conventional fertilizer use, and 6 different dosages of rotten pig dung (pig manure containing 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8 times the amount of phosphorus) were studied. In order to provide scientific basis for the rational application of pig dung in typical red soil areas. The results showed that fertilizer halving combined with pig manure treatment could effectively reduce runoff and sediment yield in red soil sloping land, but with the increase of pig manure consumption, runoff water and sediment phosphorus content increased linearly, and environmental risk increased. The runoff and sediment amount of granite red soil red sandstone red soil red clay red soil. When 3 500kg/ (hm~ 2 路a) pig manure was applied, the runoff of granite red soil decreased by 28.0%, the amount of mud and sand decreased by 6.3%, the runoff of red sandstone red soil decreased by 23.2% and the amount of mud sediment decreased by 37.1%. When 7 000kg/ (hm~ 2 路a) pig manure was applied, the runoff of red clay red soil decreased by 40.7%, and the amount of mud and sand decreased by 12.8%. When the consumption of pig manure in granite red soil, red sandstone red soil and red clay red soil reached 14 000, 28 000 and 28 000kg/ (hm~ 2 路a) respectively, the average phosphorus content of runoff exceeded the V limit of surface water environmental quality standard. The total phosphorus content of runoff is granite red soil red clay red soil red sandstone red soil while the sediment total phosphorus content is red clay red soil granite red sandstone red soil. Under the condition of reducing the amount of fertilizer in half, the pig manure with P content 40kg/ (hm~ 2 路a) was applied to granite red soil and red sandstone red soil in combination with conventional chemical fertilizer treatment. The treatment of pig dung with P content (P content 80kg/ (hm~ 2 路a) in red clay red soil with 2 times conventional chemical fertilizer can effectively reduce soil and water loss, and it will not increase the risk of phosphorus loss within 3 years.
【作者单位】：中国科学院土壤环境与污染修复重点实验室(南京土壤研究所);中国科学院大学;中国科学院红壤生态实验站;
【基金】：公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201203050) 中国科学院知识创新项目(ISSASIP1632) 江西省赣鄱英才555工程专项
【分类号】：S157.1

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